Nursing 110 Final Exam Study
Questions With Correct Marking
Scheme
/.What are the major cations in body fluid? - Answer-✅Sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, and hydrogen
/.What are the major anions in body fluid? - Answer-✅Chloride, bicarbonate,
phosphate, sulfate, and proteinate ions
/.What are the major electrolytes in the ICF - Answer-✅Potassium and phosphate
/.What does normal fluids through capillary wall into the tissues depend on? - Answer-
✅hydrostatic pressure
/.Whats Osmosis? - Answer-✅The movement of water caused by a concentration
gradient
/.Whats tonicity? - Answer-✅The ability of all solutes to drive an osmotic driving force
that promotes water movement from one compartment to another.
/.Whats Diffusion? - Answer-✅Natural way of substances moving from an area of high
concentration to low concentration
/.Whats filtration? - Answer-✅Movement of water and solute from an area of high
hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
/.Whats the Sodium-Potassium Pump? - Answer-✅Located in the cell membrane,
moves sodium from cell and into ECF(extracellular fluid), Pumps potassium into cell
/.Whats Hydrostatic pressure? - Answer-✅Pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium
due to force of gravity ex: pressure exhorted by fluid on the walls of the blood vessels
by heart
/.Whats the normal range of Potassium? - Answer-✅3.5 to 5
/.Whats the normal BUN level? - Answer-✅10 to 20 mg/dl
-decreases when renal function decreases,
-GI bleeding,
,-dehydration, i
-ncrease in fever, sepsis.
/.Whats the normal creatinine level? - Answer-✅0.7 to 1.4 mg/dl which increase when
renal function decrease
/.Whats Hematocrit? - Answer-✅Measures % of RBC in whole blood Increases by
dehydration and polythemia, Decrease by over-hydration and anemia
/.Hypovolemia - Answer-✅-Loss of water and electrolytes, decrease serum sodium
-Loss of ECF volume exceeds intake of fluid
-Examples: Diabetes Insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, osmosis diuresis, hemmorrhage,
coma, liver damage, COPD
-Nursing Management: give Lactated Ringers Isotonic solution per order
/.Clinical manifestations for Hypovolemia - Answer-✅-Acute weight loss
-decrease skin turgor
-Oliguria(urinary output below 400ml)
-Weak rapid heart beat
-Increase heart rate
-Flat neck veins
/.Nursing Management for Hypovolemia - Answer-✅-Oral route of fluid if no severe
-IV route of fluid if sever(Isotonic solution, Lactated Ringers solution, 0.9% sodium
chloride)
/.Whats the best way to assess for Turgor? - Answer-✅-Looking for cracks on the
tongue
/.A Nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus how to
check blood glucose levels. Whats an appropriate way to transfer the patients blood to
the reagent portion of the test strip/monitor? - Answer-✅-Hold the strip next to the blood
on the patients finger tips.
/.A nurse instructing a patient about using an insulin pump should explain that the risk of
diabetic ketoacidocis(DKA) increases with the use of a pump because - Answer-✅The
tubing could become occluded
/.What can a patient do to help reduce injection pain while self administrating insulin? -
Answer-✅-Keep the pen at room temp for a minute(injecting rm temp insulin is less
painful than injecting cold insulin)
/.Whats is a normal fasting blood glucose measurement? - Answer-✅Between 70 and
105 mg/dl
, /.Glargine(Lantus) - Answer-✅-Long-acting insulin, intended to provide basil glucose
control
-Taken once daily at the same time each day
- onset of 70 minutes
-Peak-less
-Duration of 24 hours
- never mix with anything
/.NPH(Humulin N) - Answer-✅-Intermediate acting insulin
-Onset of 60 to 120 minutes
-Peaks in 6 to 14 hours
-Duration of 16 to 24 hrs
/.After confirming Hypoglycemia on a patient, what should the nurse do? - Answer-✅-
Give the patient 15 to 20g of rapid acting concentrated carbohydrate source like
*4 to 6 oz fruit juice
*8 oz of skim milk
*1 tbsp of honey
*3 or 4 commercially prepared glucose tablets
*6 to 10 hard candies
*2 to 3 tsp of sugar
-May require injection of glucagon subcutaneously
/.Sulfonylureas(Glipizide, glyburide, glymepiride) - Answer-✅-Oral anti-diabetic agent
that exert their primary action by directly stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
-Can't be used on type 1 diabetes patients
-Side effects: hypoglycemia and weight gain
/.Why is Diabetes so fatal? - Answer-✅-its the leading cause of non-traumatic
amputations, blindness in working age ppl and end stage renal disease
/.Type 1 diabetes - Answer-✅-Lack of insulin
-Characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells
-Results in decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production by liver and
fasting hyperglycemia
-5% have this type, diagnosed mostly in children
-Exogenous insulin is administered for life
/.Type 2 diabetes - Answer-✅-Have insulin but body cells are not using it
-Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion
-90 to 95% have this type of diabetes, mostly seen in adults but can be seen in children
/.Gestational diabetes - Answer-✅-Any degree of glucose intolerance during pregnancy
-Risk is 9 lbs< babies
-Glucose test is done 24-28 weeks of pregnancy
Questions With Correct Marking
Scheme
/.What are the major cations in body fluid? - Answer-✅Sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, and hydrogen
/.What are the major anions in body fluid? - Answer-✅Chloride, bicarbonate,
phosphate, sulfate, and proteinate ions
/.What are the major electrolytes in the ICF - Answer-✅Potassium and phosphate
/.What does normal fluids through capillary wall into the tissues depend on? - Answer-
✅hydrostatic pressure
/.Whats Osmosis? - Answer-✅The movement of water caused by a concentration
gradient
/.Whats tonicity? - Answer-✅The ability of all solutes to drive an osmotic driving force
that promotes water movement from one compartment to another.
/.Whats Diffusion? - Answer-✅Natural way of substances moving from an area of high
concentration to low concentration
/.Whats filtration? - Answer-✅Movement of water and solute from an area of high
hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
/.Whats the Sodium-Potassium Pump? - Answer-✅Located in the cell membrane,
moves sodium from cell and into ECF(extracellular fluid), Pumps potassium into cell
/.Whats Hydrostatic pressure? - Answer-✅Pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium
due to force of gravity ex: pressure exhorted by fluid on the walls of the blood vessels
by heart
/.Whats the normal range of Potassium? - Answer-✅3.5 to 5
/.Whats the normal BUN level? - Answer-✅10 to 20 mg/dl
-decreases when renal function decreases,
-GI bleeding,
,-dehydration, i
-ncrease in fever, sepsis.
/.Whats the normal creatinine level? - Answer-✅0.7 to 1.4 mg/dl which increase when
renal function decrease
/.Whats Hematocrit? - Answer-✅Measures % of RBC in whole blood Increases by
dehydration and polythemia, Decrease by over-hydration and anemia
/.Hypovolemia - Answer-✅-Loss of water and electrolytes, decrease serum sodium
-Loss of ECF volume exceeds intake of fluid
-Examples: Diabetes Insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, osmosis diuresis, hemmorrhage,
coma, liver damage, COPD
-Nursing Management: give Lactated Ringers Isotonic solution per order
/.Clinical manifestations for Hypovolemia - Answer-✅-Acute weight loss
-decrease skin turgor
-Oliguria(urinary output below 400ml)
-Weak rapid heart beat
-Increase heart rate
-Flat neck veins
/.Nursing Management for Hypovolemia - Answer-✅-Oral route of fluid if no severe
-IV route of fluid if sever(Isotonic solution, Lactated Ringers solution, 0.9% sodium
chloride)
/.Whats the best way to assess for Turgor? - Answer-✅-Looking for cracks on the
tongue
/.A Nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus how to
check blood glucose levels. Whats an appropriate way to transfer the patients blood to
the reagent portion of the test strip/monitor? - Answer-✅-Hold the strip next to the blood
on the patients finger tips.
/.A nurse instructing a patient about using an insulin pump should explain that the risk of
diabetic ketoacidocis(DKA) increases with the use of a pump because - Answer-✅The
tubing could become occluded
/.What can a patient do to help reduce injection pain while self administrating insulin? -
Answer-✅-Keep the pen at room temp for a minute(injecting rm temp insulin is less
painful than injecting cold insulin)
/.Whats is a normal fasting blood glucose measurement? - Answer-✅Between 70 and
105 mg/dl
, /.Glargine(Lantus) - Answer-✅-Long-acting insulin, intended to provide basil glucose
control
-Taken once daily at the same time each day
- onset of 70 minutes
-Peak-less
-Duration of 24 hours
- never mix with anything
/.NPH(Humulin N) - Answer-✅-Intermediate acting insulin
-Onset of 60 to 120 minutes
-Peaks in 6 to 14 hours
-Duration of 16 to 24 hrs
/.After confirming Hypoglycemia on a patient, what should the nurse do? - Answer-✅-
Give the patient 15 to 20g of rapid acting concentrated carbohydrate source like
*4 to 6 oz fruit juice
*8 oz of skim milk
*1 tbsp of honey
*3 or 4 commercially prepared glucose tablets
*6 to 10 hard candies
*2 to 3 tsp of sugar
-May require injection of glucagon subcutaneously
/.Sulfonylureas(Glipizide, glyburide, glymepiride) - Answer-✅-Oral anti-diabetic agent
that exert their primary action by directly stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
-Can't be used on type 1 diabetes patients
-Side effects: hypoglycemia and weight gain
/.Why is Diabetes so fatal? - Answer-✅-its the leading cause of non-traumatic
amputations, blindness in working age ppl and end stage renal disease
/.Type 1 diabetes - Answer-✅-Lack of insulin
-Characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells
-Results in decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production by liver and
fasting hyperglycemia
-5% have this type, diagnosed mostly in children
-Exogenous insulin is administered for life
/.Type 2 diabetes - Answer-✅-Have insulin but body cells are not using it
-Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion
-90 to 95% have this type of diabetes, mostly seen in adults but can be seen in children
/.Gestational diabetes - Answer-✅-Any degree of glucose intolerance during pregnancy
-Risk is 9 lbs< babies
-Glucose test is done 24-28 weeks of pregnancy
