Phil101 Objective Assessment Comprehensive
Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. What is philosophy? - Correct Answer: -love of wisdom
-open minded search for the truth
2. What is the primary objective of philosophy - Correct Answer: - for
people to think for themselves and develop their own philosophical
positions based on well-reasoned arguments
- attempt to answer fundamental questions about life
3. Logic - Correct Answer: Logic studies formal reasoning and valid
arguments
4. philosophy of science - Correct Answer: The philosophy of science
exams the nature of scientific inquiry, the scientific method, and
distinguishes science from pseudo-science
5. Metaphysics - Correct Answer: Study's the nature of reality
,6. Epistemology - Correct Answer: study of knowledge and justifies beliefs
7. Ethics - Correct Answer: study of morality (right and wrong) , good and
evil, moral duties and principals guiding human conduct
8. Aesthetics - Correct Answer: the philosophy of art and beauty
9. Social and Political Philosophy - Correct Answer: Study of nature of
society, justice, individual rights and proper relationship between
individuals and the state
10.The classical period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer: -
metaphysical period
Major philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
11.The medieval period & major philosophers (4) - Correct Answer: -
ethical period, influenced by Christianity
Major philosophers: st. Augustine, Thomas aquinas, anselm of Canterbury
12.The renaissance period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer: -
away from ethics, more diverse philosophical questions
Major philosophers: nicolo Machiavelli, desidenus Erasmus, Francis bacon,
,13.Early modern period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer:
Scientific period
Major philosophers: Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke
14.The enlightenment period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer:
Logic period: expanded on reason and empirical evidence to understand
human nature
Major philosophers: Voltaire, Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
15.The late modern period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer:
Diverse cultural philosophies, feminist philosophy, phenomenology and
existentialism
Major philosophers: Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Simon de Beauvoir
16.Contemporary period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer: Today,
diverse and continuing intellectual innovation
Major philosophers: Jean-Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Judith butler
17.Aristotles 3 principals of logic: Law of non-contradiction - Correct
Answer: The law of non-contradiction states that something cannot be said
to be and not be at the same time in the same respect
18.Aristotles 3 principals of logic: the law of excluded middle - Correct
Answer: The law of excluded middle states that something is either true or
false, with no middle ground where it's half and half
, 19.Aristotles 3 principals of logic: the law of identity - Correct Answer: The
law of identity states that something is what it is
Ex. Tom is Tom
20.deductive reasoning - Correct Answer: - Facts and logic
- Conclusion follows logically from the premises
Ex. All humans are mortal, I am human, therefore I am mortal
21.inductive reasoning - Correct Answer: - Observation and evidence/
patterns
- Conclusions that are probable but not certain since drawn from
limited observation
Ex. Every butterfly has 2 wings, therefore butterflies have 2 wings
22.Abductive Reasoning - Correct Answer: Making a best guess or
explanation and testing it (often used by scientists)
Ex. There's a discrepancy between Uranus's predicted and observed orbits. If
there is an unseen planet then this would cause a discrepancy. Therefore there
is an unseen planet influencing the orbit of Uranus.
23.Explain how deductive reasoning is judged: validity - Correct Answer:
Deductive argument is valid if its form is correct and the conclusion
matches the premises
24.Explain how deductive reasoning is judged: truth - Correct Answer: For
an argument to have a true conclusion, the premises must also be true
Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. What is philosophy? - Correct Answer: -love of wisdom
-open minded search for the truth
2. What is the primary objective of philosophy - Correct Answer: - for
people to think for themselves and develop their own philosophical
positions based on well-reasoned arguments
- attempt to answer fundamental questions about life
3. Logic - Correct Answer: Logic studies formal reasoning and valid
arguments
4. philosophy of science - Correct Answer: The philosophy of science
exams the nature of scientific inquiry, the scientific method, and
distinguishes science from pseudo-science
5. Metaphysics - Correct Answer: Study's the nature of reality
,6. Epistemology - Correct Answer: study of knowledge and justifies beliefs
7. Ethics - Correct Answer: study of morality (right and wrong) , good and
evil, moral duties and principals guiding human conduct
8. Aesthetics - Correct Answer: the philosophy of art and beauty
9. Social and Political Philosophy - Correct Answer: Study of nature of
society, justice, individual rights and proper relationship between
individuals and the state
10.The classical period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer: -
metaphysical period
Major philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
11.The medieval period & major philosophers (4) - Correct Answer: -
ethical period, influenced by Christianity
Major philosophers: st. Augustine, Thomas aquinas, anselm of Canterbury
12.The renaissance period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer: -
away from ethics, more diverse philosophical questions
Major philosophers: nicolo Machiavelli, desidenus Erasmus, Francis bacon,
,13.Early modern period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer:
Scientific period
Major philosophers: Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke
14.The enlightenment period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer:
Logic period: expanded on reason and empirical evidence to understand
human nature
Major philosophers: Voltaire, Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
15.The late modern period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer:
Diverse cultural philosophies, feminist philosophy, phenomenology and
existentialism
Major philosophers: Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Simon de Beauvoir
16.Contemporary period & major philosophers (3) - Correct Answer: Today,
diverse and continuing intellectual innovation
Major philosophers: Jean-Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Judith butler
17.Aristotles 3 principals of logic: Law of non-contradiction - Correct
Answer: The law of non-contradiction states that something cannot be said
to be and not be at the same time in the same respect
18.Aristotles 3 principals of logic: the law of excluded middle - Correct
Answer: The law of excluded middle states that something is either true or
false, with no middle ground where it's half and half
, 19.Aristotles 3 principals of logic: the law of identity - Correct Answer: The
law of identity states that something is what it is
Ex. Tom is Tom
20.deductive reasoning - Correct Answer: - Facts and logic
- Conclusion follows logically from the premises
Ex. All humans are mortal, I am human, therefore I am mortal
21.inductive reasoning - Correct Answer: - Observation and evidence/
patterns
- Conclusions that are probable but not certain since drawn from
limited observation
Ex. Every butterfly has 2 wings, therefore butterflies have 2 wings
22.Abductive Reasoning - Correct Answer: Making a best guess or
explanation and testing it (often used by scientists)
Ex. There's a discrepancy between Uranus's predicted and observed orbits. If
there is an unseen planet then this would cause a discrepancy. Therefore there
is an unseen planet influencing the orbit of Uranus.
23.Explain how deductive reasoning is judged: validity - Correct Answer:
Deductive argument is valid if its form is correct and the conclusion
matches the premises
24.Explain how deductive reasoning is judged: truth - Correct Answer: For
an argument to have a true conclusion, the premises must also be true
