Phil101 Objective Assessment Comprehensive
Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. Moral Fact
Correct Answer: A fact that possesses moral content; a truth concerning right
and wrong.
2. Moral Content
Correct Answer: A specific kind of normativity that is typically universally
binding, impartial, and concerned with judgments of right and wrong.
3. Moral Nihilism
Correct Answer: The view that there are no moral facts.
4. Moral Skepticism
Correct Answer: The view that moral facts may exist, but human beings
cannot know what they are.
5. Moral Realism
Correct Answer: The position that moral facts exist and that at least some of
them can be known.
6. Moral Subjectivism
Correct Answer: The theory that an individual agent’s preferences or beliefs
determine moral truth.
,7. Moral Relativism
Correct Answer: The theory that moral truth is determined by collective or
cultural acceptance.
8. Moral Objectivism
Correct Answer: The view that moral truths are independent of human
attitudes or beliefs.
9. Argument
Correct Answer: A set of propositions consisting of premises offered in
support of a conclusion.
10. A Priori Argument
Correct Answer: An argument based on conceptual analysis or reason,
independent of empirical observation.
11. A Posteriori Argument
Correct Answer: An argument based on empirical evidence, observation, or
measurement.
12. Valid Argument
Correct Answer: An argument in which, if the premises are true, the
conclusion must be true (truth-preserving).
13. Sound Argument
Correct Answer: A valid argument with all true premises and a true
conclusion.
14. Strong Argument
Correct Answer: An argument (deductive or inductive) that is valid or cogent
and whose premises are rationally acceptable and provide strong support for the
conclusion.
15. Knock-Down Argument
Correct Answer: A valid argument with premises that are undeniably true or
irrational to reject.
,16. Materialism (Physicalism)
Correct Answer: The view that everything that exists is material; every fact is a
physical fact.
17. Global Dualism (GD)
Correct Answer: The theory that two fundamentally different kinds of
substances exist in the universe.
18. Anthropic Dualism (AD)
Correct Answer: The view that the human being consists of two distinct
substances: mind and body.
19. Metaphysical Idealism
Correct Answer: The doctrine that all physical facts depend (causally or
logically) on mental facts.
20. Positive Fact
Correct Answer: A fact that entails the existence of something.
21. Heliocentric Universe
Correct Answer: The view associated with Copernicus that the sun is at the
center of the universe; supported through a priori reasoning.
22. Geocentric Universe
Correct Answer: The traditional view that the earth is at the center of the
universe; supported through a posteriori observation.
23. Moral Evil
Correct Answer: Undeserved pain and suffering resulting from the free
actions of moral agents.
24. Natural Evil
Correct Answer: Undeserved pain and suffering not caused by moral agents.
25. Necessary Evil
Correct Answer: Pain and suffering that must be permitted in order to achieve
a greater good.
, 26. Pointless Evil
Correct Answer: Pain and suffering that is not necessary for any greater good.
27. The Standard Claim (SC)
Correct Answer: The proposition that God and pointless evil cannot both
exist.
28. Plato
Correct Answer: A dualist and metaphysical idealist who endorsed moral
realism, essentialism, collectivism, and a utopian political vision.
29. Theory of the Forms (TOF)
Correct Answer: Whenever multiple things share a common name, there
exists an ideal, separate Form that accounts for their shared nature.
30. Platonic Knowledge
Correct Answer: Justified True Belief (JTB) concerning the Forms.
31. Plato’s Immortality
Correct Answer: Humans are fundamentally souls and have always existed
and will always exist.
32. Standard Immortality
Correct Answer: The soul begins at a specific point in time and continues to
exist eternally thereafter.
33. Plato’s Cave
Correct Answer: An allegory illustrating that most people perceive
appearances rather than true reality.
34. Reincarnation
Correct Answer: The belief that the soul inhabits successive bodies over time.
35. Soul (Tripartite Theory)
Correct Answer: The soul has three parts: Reason (rules), Spirit/Passion, and
Appetite.
Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. Moral Fact
Correct Answer: A fact that possesses moral content; a truth concerning right
and wrong.
2. Moral Content
Correct Answer: A specific kind of normativity that is typically universally
binding, impartial, and concerned with judgments of right and wrong.
3. Moral Nihilism
Correct Answer: The view that there are no moral facts.
4. Moral Skepticism
Correct Answer: The view that moral facts may exist, but human beings
cannot know what they are.
5. Moral Realism
Correct Answer: The position that moral facts exist and that at least some of
them can be known.
6. Moral Subjectivism
Correct Answer: The theory that an individual agent’s preferences or beliefs
determine moral truth.
,7. Moral Relativism
Correct Answer: The theory that moral truth is determined by collective or
cultural acceptance.
8. Moral Objectivism
Correct Answer: The view that moral truths are independent of human
attitudes or beliefs.
9. Argument
Correct Answer: A set of propositions consisting of premises offered in
support of a conclusion.
10. A Priori Argument
Correct Answer: An argument based on conceptual analysis or reason,
independent of empirical observation.
11. A Posteriori Argument
Correct Answer: An argument based on empirical evidence, observation, or
measurement.
12. Valid Argument
Correct Answer: An argument in which, if the premises are true, the
conclusion must be true (truth-preserving).
13. Sound Argument
Correct Answer: A valid argument with all true premises and a true
conclusion.
14. Strong Argument
Correct Answer: An argument (deductive or inductive) that is valid or cogent
and whose premises are rationally acceptable and provide strong support for the
conclusion.
15. Knock-Down Argument
Correct Answer: A valid argument with premises that are undeniably true or
irrational to reject.
,16. Materialism (Physicalism)
Correct Answer: The view that everything that exists is material; every fact is a
physical fact.
17. Global Dualism (GD)
Correct Answer: The theory that two fundamentally different kinds of
substances exist in the universe.
18. Anthropic Dualism (AD)
Correct Answer: The view that the human being consists of two distinct
substances: mind and body.
19. Metaphysical Idealism
Correct Answer: The doctrine that all physical facts depend (causally or
logically) on mental facts.
20. Positive Fact
Correct Answer: A fact that entails the existence of something.
21. Heliocentric Universe
Correct Answer: The view associated with Copernicus that the sun is at the
center of the universe; supported through a priori reasoning.
22. Geocentric Universe
Correct Answer: The traditional view that the earth is at the center of the
universe; supported through a posteriori observation.
23. Moral Evil
Correct Answer: Undeserved pain and suffering resulting from the free
actions of moral agents.
24. Natural Evil
Correct Answer: Undeserved pain and suffering not caused by moral agents.
25. Necessary Evil
Correct Answer: Pain and suffering that must be permitted in order to achieve
a greater good.
, 26. Pointless Evil
Correct Answer: Pain and suffering that is not necessary for any greater good.
27. The Standard Claim (SC)
Correct Answer: The proposition that God and pointless evil cannot both
exist.
28. Plato
Correct Answer: A dualist and metaphysical idealist who endorsed moral
realism, essentialism, collectivism, and a utopian political vision.
29. Theory of the Forms (TOF)
Correct Answer: Whenever multiple things share a common name, there
exists an ideal, separate Form that accounts for their shared nature.
30. Platonic Knowledge
Correct Answer: Justified True Belief (JTB) concerning the Forms.
31. Plato’s Immortality
Correct Answer: Humans are fundamentally souls and have always existed
and will always exist.
32. Standard Immortality
Correct Answer: The soul begins at a specific point in time and continues to
exist eternally thereafter.
33. Plato’s Cave
Correct Answer: An allegory illustrating that most people perceive
appearances rather than true reality.
34. Reincarnation
Correct Answer: The belief that the soul inhabits successive bodies over time.
35. Soul (Tripartite Theory)
Correct Answer: The soul has three parts: Reason (rules), Spirit/Passion, and
Appetite.
