MATERNAL-CHILD NURSING BY EMILY SLONE
2026 STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the common signs that are observed in the days
preceding labor? Select all that apply.
1
Persistent low backache
2
Sudden increase in lethargy
3
Blood-tinged cervical mucus
4
Increase in weight up to 1.5 kg
5
Profuse vaginal mucus. Answer: 1, 3, 5
Common signs that precede labor include persistent low backache
and sacroiliac distress as a result of relaxation of the pelvic joints.
Brownish or blood-tinged cervical mucus may be passed. The
vaginal mucus becomes more profuse in response to the extreme
congestion of the vaginal mucous membranes. In the days preceding
labor, women generally have a sudden surge of energy. They also
,experience a loss of 0.5 to 1.5 kg in weight. This is caused by water
loss resulting from electrolyte shifts that in turn are produced by
changes in estrogen and progesterone levels.
◉ Nurses can advise their patients that which of these signs precede
labor? Select all that apply.
1
A return of urinary frequency as a result of increased bladder
pressure
2
Persistent low backache from relaxed pelvic joints
3
Stronger and more frequent uterine (Braxton Hicks) contractions
4
A decline in energy, as the body stores up for labor
5
Uterus sinks downward and forward in first-time pregnancies.
Answer: 1, 2, 3
After lightening, a return of the frequent need to urinate occurs as
the fetal position causes increased pressure on the bladder. In the
run-up to labor , women often experience persistent low backache
and sacroiliac distress as a result of relaxation of the pelvic joints.
Before the onset of labor, it is common for Braxton Hicks
,contractions to increase in both frequency and strength. Bloody
show may be passed. A surge of energy is a phenomenon that is
common in the days preceding labor. In first-time pregnancies, the
uterus sinks downward and forward about 2 weeks before term.
◉ During the vaginal examination of a laboring patient, the nurse
analyzes that the fetus is in the right occiput anterior (ROA) position
at -1 station. What is the position of the lowermost portion of the
fetal presenting part?
1
2 cm above the ischial spine.
2
1 cm above the ischial spine.
3
at the level of the ischial spine.
4
1 cm below the ischial spine.. Answer: 2
When the lowermost portion of the presenting part is 1 cm above
the ischial spine, it is noted as being minus (-)1. When positioned 2
cm above the ischial spine, it is -2 station. At the level of the spines
the station is referred to as 0 (zero). When the presenting part is 1
cm below the spines, the station is said to be plus (+)1.
, ◉ What are the factors that speed up the dilation of the cervix?
Select all that apply.
1
Strong uterine contractions
2
Scarring of the cervix
3
Pressure by amniotic fluid
4
Prior infection of the cervix
5
Force by fetal presenting part. Answer: 1, 3, 5
Dilation of the cervix occurs by the drawing upward of the
musculofibrous components of the cervix, which are, in turn, caused
by strong uterine contractions. Pressure exerted by the amniotic
fluid while the membranes are intact or by the force applied by the
presenting part can promote cervical dilation. Scarring of the cervix
may occur following a surgery. Prior infection or surgery may slow
cervical dilation.
◉ Nurses can help their patients by keeping them informed about
the distinctive stages of labor. What description of the phases of the
first stage of labor is accurate?
2026 STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the common signs that are observed in the days
preceding labor? Select all that apply.
1
Persistent low backache
2
Sudden increase in lethargy
3
Blood-tinged cervical mucus
4
Increase in weight up to 1.5 kg
5
Profuse vaginal mucus. Answer: 1, 3, 5
Common signs that precede labor include persistent low backache
and sacroiliac distress as a result of relaxation of the pelvic joints.
Brownish or blood-tinged cervical mucus may be passed. The
vaginal mucus becomes more profuse in response to the extreme
congestion of the vaginal mucous membranes. In the days preceding
labor, women generally have a sudden surge of energy. They also
,experience a loss of 0.5 to 1.5 kg in weight. This is caused by water
loss resulting from electrolyte shifts that in turn are produced by
changes in estrogen and progesterone levels.
◉ Nurses can advise their patients that which of these signs precede
labor? Select all that apply.
1
A return of urinary frequency as a result of increased bladder
pressure
2
Persistent low backache from relaxed pelvic joints
3
Stronger and more frequent uterine (Braxton Hicks) contractions
4
A decline in energy, as the body stores up for labor
5
Uterus sinks downward and forward in first-time pregnancies.
Answer: 1, 2, 3
After lightening, a return of the frequent need to urinate occurs as
the fetal position causes increased pressure on the bladder. In the
run-up to labor , women often experience persistent low backache
and sacroiliac distress as a result of relaxation of the pelvic joints.
Before the onset of labor, it is common for Braxton Hicks
,contractions to increase in both frequency and strength. Bloody
show may be passed. A surge of energy is a phenomenon that is
common in the days preceding labor. In first-time pregnancies, the
uterus sinks downward and forward about 2 weeks before term.
◉ During the vaginal examination of a laboring patient, the nurse
analyzes that the fetus is in the right occiput anterior (ROA) position
at -1 station. What is the position of the lowermost portion of the
fetal presenting part?
1
2 cm above the ischial spine.
2
1 cm above the ischial spine.
3
at the level of the ischial spine.
4
1 cm below the ischial spine.. Answer: 2
When the lowermost portion of the presenting part is 1 cm above
the ischial spine, it is noted as being minus (-)1. When positioned 2
cm above the ischial spine, it is -2 station. At the level of the spines
the station is referred to as 0 (zero). When the presenting part is 1
cm below the spines, the station is said to be plus (+)1.
, ◉ What are the factors that speed up the dilation of the cervix?
Select all that apply.
1
Strong uterine contractions
2
Scarring of the cervix
3
Pressure by amniotic fluid
4
Prior infection of the cervix
5
Force by fetal presenting part. Answer: 1, 3, 5
Dilation of the cervix occurs by the drawing upward of the
musculofibrous components of the cervix, which are, in turn, caused
by strong uterine contractions. Pressure exerted by the amniotic
fluid while the membranes are intact or by the force applied by the
presenting part can promote cervical dilation. Scarring of the cervix
may occur following a surgery. Prior infection or surgery may slow
cervical dilation.
◉ Nurses can help their patients by keeping them informed about
the distinctive stages of labor. What description of the phases of the
first stage of labor is accurate?
