Ultimate General Surgery & Breast Exam Review: Wound Healing, Suturing Techniques, Anesthesia Risk, Breast Pathology & Pre-Op/Post-Op Management – Complete Questions Verified with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026

Ultimate General Surgery & Breast Exam Review: Wound Healing, Suturing Techniques, Anesthesia Risk, Breast Pathology & Pre-Op/Post-Op Management – Complete Questions Verified with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Inflammation What Phase of Wound Healing: -limits damage by stopping the bleed and removing necrotic tissue -hemostasis, increased vascular permeability, migration of cells into wound via chemotaxis, secretion of cytokines and growth factors Proliferation What Phase of Wound Healing: -scaffolding is laid for repair -angiogenesis, fibroplasia, epithelialization -formation of granulation tissue Maturation What Phase of Wound Healing: -Wound contraction by centripetal movement -reduction in disorganized scar -contracture, scarring, remodeling of scar 1. Inflammation 2. Proliferation 3. Maturation What are the three phases of wound healing? Macrophages during wound healing, these cells: -orchestrate the release of cytokines -appear within 24-48 hours of injury -play a part in phagocytosis, antimicrobial function, wound debridement, matrix synthesis regulation, and cell recruitment and activation fibroblasts cells that synthesize collagen Collagen the predominant scar protein -amount of tissue lost/damaged -amount of foreign material present -age -atherosclerosis -malnutrition -drugs -diabetes -cardiac or renal failure Factors what affect wound healing? Keloid -Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue -high recurrence with excision Type I and III Keloids are made from disorganizeds _________________ collagen bundles nonadherent fabrics fine mesh gauze supplemented with a product to augment occlusive and antibacterial abilities Absorptive Dressings for wounds with alot of exudate and often have a non adherent quality to prevent disruption of newly formed granulation tissue Occlusive Dressings -provide moisture retention, mechanical protection and a barrier to bacteria -biologic ones are skin substitutes like an allograft or xenograft Creams, Ointments, and Solutions wound dressing that is indicated when clinical signs of infection are present or if quantitative culture demonstrates more than 103 organisms per gram of tissues 10; 5 if pt has received 3 or more primary tetanus immunizations he or she should receive a booster if the last was more than _________ yrs ago for clean wound and _____ with a dirty wound 3 pts with fewer than ______ primary immunizations should begin the tetanus series Amides and Esters two main groups of local anesthetics Esters Allergies are more common with which kind of local anesthetics 2-6 hours How long does lidocaine last? 8 hours How long does bupivacaine last? Deep SubQ What type of Suture? -reduces surface tension -for deep wounds with high skin surface tension Interrupted Sutures Which type of Suture? -good cosmetic results and a reduced risk for dehiscence Running Sutures Which type of Suture? -good for rapid sutures over a mobile joint -if suture breaks, the entire wound may dehisce Subcuticular Sutures What type of Sutures? -useful in places where dermis is shallow and where skin edges are well approximated