PSYC 3540 Exam 2 Study
Questions with Elaborate Answers
Already Graded A+
1. Two-year-old Eva's parents meet her assertions of independence with
tolerance and understanding. They provide suitable guidance and
reassurance. According to Erikson's theory, Eva will develop _ as a result -
ANSWER autonomy
2. Twenty-two-year old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend, Missy.
Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. Daniel may not
have fully mastered the tasks of _ and _ during infancy and childhood -
ANSWER basic trust; mistrust
3. When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time,
Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office.
Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing _ - ANSWER
stranger anxiety
4. When putting together a puzzle with her son, Mim selects a puzzle that is
slightly too difficult for him to put together alone and adjusts the support
offered to her son to fit his current level of performance. Mim is engaging in
_ - ANSWER scaffolding
5. Dr. Kahn shows a group of preschoolers a tray with a set of 10 familiar item.
She then takes the tray out of the room and asks the children to name the
items they saw. Dr. Kahn is testing _ - ANSWER recall memory
,6. Three-year-old J.T. understands that 3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1.
J.T. has a grasp of _ - ANSWER ordinality
7. According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is _ -
ANSWER initiative versus guilt
8. Self- _ evaluations are among the most important aspects of self-
development because they affect our emotional experiences, future behavior,
and long-term physiological adjustment - ANSWER esteem
9. In associative play, _ - ANSWER children engage in separate activities but
exchange toys and comment on one another's behavior
10.Four children in LaShonda's preschool class act out a make-believe theme in
the dramatic play interest area. They are engaging in _ - ANSWER
cooperative play
11.According to social learning theorists, _ - ANSWER moral behavior is
acquired through modeling
12.Shelby tells her classmates not to play with Sophia because "she lies." This
is an example of _ aggression - ANSWER relational
13.Gender _ theory is an information-processing approach that combines social
learning and cognitive-developmental features - ANSWER schema
14.Three-year-old Francis strongly identifies as a boy, although her natal sex is
female. Francis has become increasingly angry and distressed. Francis is
experiencing _ - ANSWER gender dysphoria
,15.Tanner's parents are withdrawn. They make no demands of Tanner and are
indifferent to his point of view. Tanner's parents have a(n) _ style of child
rearing - ANSWER uninvolved
16.Children of _ parents are more likely to react with hostility when frustrated
and use force to get their way - ANSWER authoritarian
17.In middle childhood, as in early childhood, boys _ than girls - ANSWER
have more muscle
18._ disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism - ANSWER
reduced sleep
19.Obesity has caused a dramatic rise in cases of _ in children - ANSWER
diabetes
20.By far, the most common chronic disease or condition of children in the
United States is _ - ANSWER asthma
21.Which statement about attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is
true? - ANSWER Boys are diagnosed with ADHD two to three times as
often as girls
22.How and why does working memory predict performance on other tasks? Be
able to give both real-world and experimental examples. - ANSWER
Working memory predicts performance in reading & listening, folllowing
directions, writing, reasoning, vocabulary acquisition, note taking, bridge
playing, computer language learning, etc. Working memory predicts
performance on other tasks like the attentional control tasks of Stroop and
, the Cocktail Party Effect because working memory is the active maintenance
of goal related information in the face of distractors and interference. You
must focus on some information while ignoring other info, and keep the task
goal active in these attentional control tasks. Central executive maintains
goal and allocates attentional resources.
23.What is long-term memory (LTM)? - ANSWER "high-capacity storage
system that contains your memories for experiences and information that
you have accumulated throughout your lifetime"
semi-permanent: can last for a few minutes or many decades
can be semantic, episodic, or procedural
24.Does LTM contain complete and faithful representations of events? Explain
why or why not with supporting evidence from experiments - ANSWER
LTM does not always contain faithful representations of events as assessing
a memory may change it (post-event information effect)
contains YOUR mental representation of an event, NOT a direct copy (some
information is lost before it even enters long-term memory)
Loftus & Palmer (1974): experiment with a video of a car accident,
experimenters manipulated info when asked to recall it, changed how questions
were asked; "how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?" vs. "how
fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?"
Results: 6-10 mph faster when used "smash" compared to a more neutral word,
post-event misinformation effect: bias info presented after an event affects
recall of an event
Questions with Elaborate Answers
Already Graded A+
1. Two-year-old Eva's parents meet her assertions of independence with
tolerance and understanding. They provide suitable guidance and
reassurance. According to Erikson's theory, Eva will develop _ as a result -
ANSWER autonomy
2. Twenty-two-year old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend, Missy.
Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. Daniel may not
have fully mastered the tasks of _ and _ during infancy and childhood -
ANSWER basic trust; mistrust
3. When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time,
Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office.
Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing _ - ANSWER
stranger anxiety
4. When putting together a puzzle with her son, Mim selects a puzzle that is
slightly too difficult for him to put together alone and adjusts the support
offered to her son to fit his current level of performance. Mim is engaging in
_ - ANSWER scaffolding
5. Dr. Kahn shows a group of preschoolers a tray with a set of 10 familiar item.
She then takes the tray out of the room and asks the children to name the
items they saw. Dr. Kahn is testing _ - ANSWER recall memory
,6. Three-year-old J.T. understands that 3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1.
J.T. has a grasp of _ - ANSWER ordinality
7. According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is _ -
ANSWER initiative versus guilt
8. Self- _ evaluations are among the most important aspects of self-
development because they affect our emotional experiences, future behavior,
and long-term physiological adjustment - ANSWER esteem
9. In associative play, _ - ANSWER children engage in separate activities but
exchange toys and comment on one another's behavior
10.Four children in LaShonda's preschool class act out a make-believe theme in
the dramatic play interest area. They are engaging in _ - ANSWER
cooperative play
11.According to social learning theorists, _ - ANSWER moral behavior is
acquired through modeling
12.Shelby tells her classmates not to play with Sophia because "she lies." This
is an example of _ aggression - ANSWER relational
13.Gender _ theory is an information-processing approach that combines social
learning and cognitive-developmental features - ANSWER schema
14.Three-year-old Francis strongly identifies as a boy, although her natal sex is
female. Francis has become increasingly angry and distressed. Francis is
experiencing _ - ANSWER gender dysphoria
,15.Tanner's parents are withdrawn. They make no demands of Tanner and are
indifferent to his point of view. Tanner's parents have a(n) _ style of child
rearing - ANSWER uninvolved
16.Children of _ parents are more likely to react with hostility when frustrated
and use force to get their way - ANSWER authoritarian
17.In middle childhood, as in early childhood, boys _ than girls - ANSWER
have more muscle
18._ disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism - ANSWER
reduced sleep
19.Obesity has caused a dramatic rise in cases of _ in children - ANSWER
diabetes
20.By far, the most common chronic disease or condition of children in the
United States is _ - ANSWER asthma
21.Which statement about attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is
true? - ANSWER Boys are diagnosed with ADHD two to three times as
often as girls
22.How and why does working memory predict performance on other tasks? Be
able to give both real-world and experimental examples. - ANSWER
Working memory predicts performance in reading & listening, folllowing
directions, writing, reasoning, vocabulary acquisition, note taking, bridge
playing, computer language learning, etc. Working memory predicts
performance on other tasks like the attentional control tasks of Stroop and
, the Cocktail Party Effect because working memory is the active maintenance
of goal related information in the face of distractors and interference. You
must focus on some information while ignoring other info, and keep the task
goal active in these attentional control tasks. Central executive maintains
goal and allocates attentional resources.
23.What is long-term memory (LTM)? - ANSWER "high-capacity storage
system that contains your memories for experiences and information that
you have accumulated throughout your lifetime"
semi-permanent: can last for a few minutes or many decades
can be semantic, episodic, or procedural
24.Does LTM contain complete and faithful representations of events? Explain
why or why not with supporting evidence from experiments - ANSWER
LTM does not always contain faithful representations of events as assessing
a memory may change it (post-event information effect)
contains YOUR mental representation of an event, NOT a direct copy (some
information is lost before it even enters long-term memory)
Loftus & Palmer (1974): experiment with a video of a car accident,
experimenters manipulated info when asked to recall it, changed how questions
were asked; "how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?" vs. "how
fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?"
Results: 6-10 mph faster when used "smash" compared to a more neutral word,
post-event misinformation effect: bias info presented after an event affects
recall of an event
