lOMoAR cPSD| 51700005
Neuropsychology
and
Psychopharmacology
2025-2026, Prof Dr. Yargholi and Dr. Kisko (P0V90a)
Aangepaste samenvatting van studocu (geupdate met recente info van nieuwe prof pharma +
aanpassing neuro obv PPT)
Gemaakt m.b.v. boek ‘Student’s guide to cognitive neuroscience 4’ & ‘Psychopharmacology 4 by Jerry
Meyer’ (is onofficiele boek van pharma, moet je niet kennen maar is heel handig voor uitleg, Prof
Kisko baseert hier 60% van PPT op) + hoorcolleges en verplichte teksten (Nutt & Lingford-
pharmacodynamics, Kolb et al., ‘Introduction to drug action & abuse’+ web lecture Nut)
, lOMoAR cPSD| 51700005
Volgorde samenvatting: eerst pharmacology, dan neuro (dit was hoe volgorde van vorige persoon
was) -> !! sommige dingen van pharma staan op andere plek dan dat het in ppt staat !! maar trust het
is beter zo
, lOMoAR cPSD| 51700005
DEEL 2: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
NEURAL SIGNALING AND NEUROMODULATION
1. HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
1.1. WHAT IS THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM?
The human nervous system (NS) consists of:
• Brain: made up of different parts Vb. Cerebrum, brainstem, diencephalon…
→ Gyri and sulci to limit brain
→ Cerebral cortex with pyramidal cells covers tissue (is most typical layer of cells in brain)
• Spinal cord
• Peripheral nerves: interaction between nervous system and rest of body
Psychopharmacology is the effect of chemicals on the brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the NS
4 lobes
• Frontal lobe: for word production, problem solving, planning,
behavioral control, emotion… (humans have largest
proportionally frontal cortex, ‘most typically human’)
• Parietal lobe: for sensory awareness, pain
• Temporal lobe: for memory, emotion (deeper in brain), word
understanding…
• Occipital lobe: for vision
Cerebral cortex as outer layer with pyramidal cells
Different sections show different parts/areas
• Connectivity is just as important as size -> need connections to
function properly)
• Cortex = buitenste laag met grijze stof (cellichamen) + diepere kernen (vb. thalamus, striatum)
<-> witte stof binnenin
• Lange verbindingen in hersenen voornamelijk afgelegd door pyramidale cellen
• Corpus callosum = 10 000’en vezels die hemisferen verbinden ➔ zorgen dat beide
samenwerken/gecoördineerd
• Functioneren met elkaar (in plaats van onafhankelijk, zoals bij een bepaalde aandoening)
• Ook donkergekleurde ventrikels (holtes), stockeren en produceren cerebrospinaal vocht
, lOMoAR cPSD| 51700005
2. CELLS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (MICROSTRUCTURE OF BRAIN)
2.2.1. Types of cells
There are 3 types of cells in the nervous system:
• Pyramidal cells:
→ Important neuron in cerebral cortex
→ A lot of branched extensions -> long distance communication
• Purkinje cells:
→ Important neuron in cerebellum
• Glial cells: supporting cells (10x more than neurons), support the brain structurally and
functionally
→ Astrocytes: important role in blood-brain barrier,
o Feeding neurons (supplies neurons)
o Star shape
o Holds neurons in place
o Digest parts of dead neurons
o Each astrocyte has its own territory (they don’t overlap), they may interact with
several neurons and hundreds-thousands of synapses
o ‘End feet’: through this connection, signals from astrocytes expand/narrow blood
vessels, controlling the flow of oxygen and nutrients
o Astrocytes can release gliotransmitters (like glutamate) to send signals to neighboring
neurons
→ Microglia: defense and recovery (!Recovery after stroke is only partially possible!, only
neurogenesis in a few areas)
o Special immune cells found only in the brain
o Detect damages or unhealthy neurons
o Eat foreign invaders (bacteria/viruses), then display the chewed-up parts on their cells
surface to signal for help
→ Oligodendrocytes: myelination of axons (CNS)
o They wrap tightly around axons to form a myelin sheath
o Speed up electrical signaling (action potential) -> 30x slower without oligodendrocytes
o Can cover up to 40 axons
→ Schwann-cells: myelination of axons (PNS)
Partly in cerebrum, mostly in cerebellum, also in grey nuclei in brainstem and diencephalon
Different morphology depending on where they are situated
Neuropsychology
and
Psychopharmacology
2025-2026, Prof Dr. Yargholi and Dr. Kisko (P0V90a)
Aangepaste samenvatting van studocu (geupdate met recente info van nieuwe prof pharma +
aanpassing neuro obv PPT)
Gemaakt m.b.v. boek ‘Student’s guide to cognitive neuroscience 4’ & ‘Psychopharmacology 4 by Jerry
Meyer’ (is onofficiele boek van pharma, moet je niet kennen maar is heel handig voor uitleg, Prof
Kisko baseert hier 60% van PPT op) + hoorcolleges en verplichte teksten (Nutt & Lingford-
pharmacodynamics, Kolb et al., ‘Introduction to drug action & abuse’+ web lecture Nut)
, lOMoAR cPSD| 51700005
Volgorde samenvatting: eerst pharmacology, dan neuro (dit was hoe volgorde van vorige persoon
was) -> !! sommige dingen van pharma staan op andere plek dan dat het in ppt staat !! maar trust het
is beter zo
, lOMoAR cPSD| 51700005
DEEL 2: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
NEURAL SIGNALING AND NEUROMODULATION
1. HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
1.1. WHAT IS THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM?
The human nervous system (NS) consists of:
• Brain: made up of different parts Vb. Cerebrum, brainstem, diencephalon…
→ Gyri and sulci to limit brain
→ Cerebral cortex with pyramidal cells covers tissue (is most typical layer of cells in brain)
• Spinal cord
• Peripheral nerves: interaction between nervous system and rest of body
Psychopharmacology is the effect of chemicals on the brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the NS
4 lobes
• Frontal lobe: for word production, problem solving, planning,
behavioral control, emotion… (humans have largest
proportionally frontal cortex, ‘most typically human’)
• Parietal lobe: for sensory awareness, pain
• Temporal lobe: for memory, emotion (deeper in brain), word
understanding…
• Occipital lobe: for vision
Cerebral cortex as outer layer with pyramidal cells
Different sections show different parts/areas
• Connectivity is just as important as size -> need connections to
function properly)
• Cortex = buitenste laag met grijze stof (cellichamen) + diepere kernen (vb. thalamus, striatum)
<-> witte stof binnenin
• Lange verbindingen in hersenen voornamelijk afgelegd door pyramidale cellen
• Corpus callosum = 10 000’en vezels die hemisferen verbinden ➔ zorgen dat beide
samenwerken/gecoördineerd
• Functioneren met elkaar (in plaats van onafhankelijk, zoals bij een bepaalde aandoening)
• Ook donkergekleurde ventrikels (holtes), stockeren en produceren cerebrospinaal vocht
, lOMoAR cPSD| 51700005
2. CELLS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (MICROSTRUCTURE OF BRAIN)
2.2.1. Types of cells
There are 3 types of cells in the nervous system:
• Pyramidal cells:
→ Important neuron in cerebral cortex
→ A lot of branched extensions -> long distance communication
• Purkinje cells:
→ Important neuron in cerebellum
• Glial cells: supporting cells (10x more than neurons), support the brain structurally and
functionally
→ Astrocytes: important role in blood-brain barrier,
o Feeding neurons (supplies neurons)
o Star shape
o Holds neurons in place
o Digest parts of dead neurons
o Each astrocyte has its own territory (they don’t overlap), they may interact with
several neurons and hundreds-thousands of synapses
o ‘End feet’: through this connection, signals from astrocytes expand/narrow blood
vessels, controlling the flow of oxygen and nutrients
o Astrocytes can release gliotransmitters (like glutamate) to send signals to neighboring
neurons
→ Microglia: defense and recovery (!Recovery after stroke is only partially possible!, only
neurogenesis in a few areas)
o Special immune cells found only in the brain
o Detect damages or unhealthy neurons
o Eat foreign invaders (bacteria/viruses), then display the chewed-up parts on their cells
surface to signal for help
→ Oligodendrocytes: myelination of axons (CNS)
o They wrap tightly around axons to form a myelin sheath
o Speed up electrical signaling (action potential) -> 30x slower without oligodendrocytes
o Can cover up to 40 axons
→ Schwann-cells: myelination of axons (PNS)
Partly in cerebrum, mostly in cerebellum, also in grey nuclei in brainstem and diencephalon
Different morphology depending on where they are situated
