1
CLEP Human Growth and Development
REA Practice Exam 1 Actual Exam
2026/2027 | Comprehensive Questions with
Multiple Choices | Verified & Revised
Answers | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
CLEP Human Growth and Development
REA Practice Exam 1
Actual Exam 2026/2027
Section 1: Theoretical Perspectives and Research Methods
Questions 1-15
Question 1
Which theorist proposed the psychosocial theory of development, which includes eight stages
from infancy to late adulthood?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Erik Erikson [CORRECT]
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lev Vygotsky
Rationale: Erik Erikson proposed the psychosocial theory with eight stages spanning the
lifespan. Freud (A) proposed psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital). Piaget (C)
proposed cognitive stages. Vygotsky (D) focused on sociocultural theory and the zone of
proximal development.
Question 2
A researcher studies the same group of children at ages 5, 10, and 15. This is an example of
which type of research design?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Longitudinal [CORRECT]
,2
C. Sequential
D. Experimental
Rationale: Longitudinal research follows the same individuals over time. Cross-sectional (A)
studies different age groups at one time. Sequential (C) combines both approaches. Experimental
(D) involves manipulation of variables.
Question 3
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the immediate environment in which a
child interacts daily (family, school, peers) is called the:
A. Microsystem [CORRECT]
B. Mesosystem
C. Exosystem
D. Macrosystem
Rationale: The microsystem includes the child's immediate environment. Mesosystem (B)
involves interactions between microsystems. Exosystem (C) includes settings that indirectly
affect the child. Macrosystem (D) includes cultural values and beliefs.
Question 4
Which research method involves in-depth study of a single individual?
A. Survey
B. Case study [CORRECT]
C. Experiment
D. Correlational study
Rationale: A case study involves in-depth examination of one individual. Surveys (A) gather data
from many people. Experiments (C) involve manipulation of variables. Correlational studies (D)
examine relationships between variables.
Question 5
A test that consistently produces the same results is said to be:
A. Valid
B. Reliable [CORRECT]
C. Standardized
,3
D. Norm-referenced
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency of results. Validity (A) refers to measuring what it
claims to measure. Standardized (C) means administered and scored uniformly. Norm-referenced
(D) means compared to a normative sample.
Question 6
In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable [CORRECT]
C. Control variable
D. Confounding variable
Rationale: The independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect. The dependent variable
(A) is what is measured. Control variables (C) are held constant. Confounding variables (D) are
extraneous factors that could affect results.
Question 7
Which theorist is associated with the concept of "imprinting" in ethological theory?
A. John Bowlby
B. Konrad Lorenz [CORRECT]
C. Harry Harlow
D. Urie Bronfenbrenner
Rationale: Konrad Lorenz demonstrated imprinting in goslings. Bowlby (A) applied ethological
principles to human attachment. Harlow (C) studied attachment in monkeys. Bronfenbrenner (D)
developed ecological systems theory.
Question 8
A correlation coefficient of +0.85 between parental education and children's academic
achievement indicates:
A. No relationship
B. A weak positive relationship
C. A strong positive relationship [CORRECT]
D. A negative relationship
, 4
Rationale: +0.85 indicates a strong positive correlation (close to +1.0). Values near 0 indicate no
relationship (A). Values between 0 and 0.5 indicate weak relationships (B). Negative values (D)
would show inverse relationships.
Question 9
Which of the following is NOT a component of informed consent in research ethics?
A. Explanation of the study's purpose
B. Right to withdraw without penalty
C. Guarantee of positive results [CORRECT]
D. Explanation of potential risks
Rationale: Researchers cannot guarantee specific outcomes. Informed consent requires
explaining purpose (A), voluntary participation (B), and risks (D), but results cannot be
predetermined or guaranteed.
Question 10
Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes:
A. Unconscious motivations
B. Observational learning and modeling [CORRECT]
C. Fixed developmental stages
D. Biological maturation
Rationale: Bandura focused on learning through observation and imitation. Unconscious
motivations (A) are Freudian. Fixed stages (C) describe Piaget. Biological maturation (D)
describes Gesell's maturation theory.
Question 11
A researcher compares cognitive development in 6-year-olds from the United States and Japan.
This is an example of:
A. Longitudinal research
B. Cross-cultural research [CORRECT]
C. Case study
D. Experimental research
CLEP Human Growth and Development
REA Practice Exam 1 Actual Exam
2026/2027 | Comprehensive Questions with
Multiple Choices | Verified & Revised
Answers | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
CLEP Human Growth and Development
REA Practice Exam 1
Actual Exam 2026/2027
Section 1: Theoretical Perspectives and Research Methods
Questions 1-15
Question 1
Which theorist proposed the psychosocial theory of development, which includes eight stages
from infancy to late adulthood?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Erik Erikson [CORRECT]
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lev Vygotsky
Rationale: Erik Erikson proposed the psychosocial theory with eight stages spanning the
lifespan. Freud (A) proposed psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital). Piaget (C)
proposed cognitive stages. Vygotsky (D) focused on sociocultural theory and the zone of
proximal development.
Question 2
A researcher studies the same group of children at ages 5, 10, and 15. This is an example of
which type of research design?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Longitudinal [CORRECT]
,2
C. Sequential
D. Experimental
Rationale: Longitudinal research follows the same individuals over time. Cross-sectional (A)
studies different age groups at one time. Sequential (C) combines both approaches. Experimental
(D) involves manipulation of variables.
Question 3
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the immediate environment in which a
child interacts daily (family, school, peers) is called the:
A. Microsystem [CORRECT]
B. Mesosystem
C. Exosystem
D. Macrosystem
Rationale: The microsystem includes the child's immediate environment. Mesosystem (B)
involves interactions between microsystems. Exosystem (C) includes settings that indirectly
affect the child. Macrosystem (D) includes cultural values and beliefs.
Question 4
Which research method involves in-depth study of a single individual?
A. Survey
B. Case study [CORRECT]
C. Experiment
D. Correlational study
Rationale: A case study involves in-depth examination of one individual. Surveys (A) gather data
from many people. Experiments (C) involve manipulation of variables. Correlational studies (D)
examine relationships between variables.
Question 5
A test that consistently produces the same results is said to be:
A. Valid
B. Reliable [CORRECT]
C. Standardized
,3
D. Norm-referenced
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency of results. Validity (A) refers to measuring what it
claims to measure. Standardized (C) means administered and scored uniformly. Norm-referenced
(D) means compared to a normative sample.
Question 6
In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable [CORRECT]
C. Control variable
D. Confounding variable
Rationale: The independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect. The dependent variable
(A) is what is measured. Control variables (C) are held constant. Confounding variables (D) are
extraneous factors that could affect results.
Question 7
Which theorist is associated with the concept of "imprinting" in ethological theory?
A. John Bowlby
B. Konrad Lorenz [CORRECT]
C. Harry Harlow
D. Urie Bronfenbrenner
Rationale: Konrad Lorenz demonstrated imprinting in goslings. Bowlby (A) applied ethological
principles to human attachment. Harlow (C) studied attachment in monkeys. Bronfenbrenner (D)
developed ecological systems theory.
Question 8
A correlation coefficient of +0.85 between parental education and children's academic
achievement indicates:
A. No relationship
B. A weak positive relationship
C. A strong positive relationship [CORRECT]
D. A negative relationship
, 4
Rationale: +0.85 indicates a strong positive correlation (close to +1.0). Values near 0 indicate no
relationship (A). Values between 0 and 0.5 indicate weak relationships (B). Negative values (D)
would show inverse relationships.
Question 9
Which of the following is NOT a component of informed consent in research ethics?
A. Explanation of the study's purpose
B. Right to withdraw without penalty
C. Guarantee of positive results [CORRECT]
D. Explanation of potential risks
Rationale: Researchers cannot guarantee specific outcomes. Informed consent requires
explaining purpose (A), voluntary participation (B), and risks (D), but results cannot be
predetermined or guaranteed.
Question 10
Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes:
A. Unconscious motivations
B. Observational learning and modeling [CORRECT]
C. Fixed developmental stages
D. Biological maturation
Rationale: Bandura focused on learning through observation and imitation. Unconscious
motivations (A) are Freudian. Fixed stages (C) describe Piaget. Biological maturation (D)
describes Gesell's maturation theory.
Question 11
A researcher compares cognitive development in 6-year-olds from the United States and Japan.
This is an example of:
A. Longitudinal research
B. Cross-cultural research [CORRECT]
C. Case study
D. Experimental research
