PCC1 - ETSU Campbell Module 2 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
, ABCDE's of Skin Lesions A- asymmetry
B- boarder irregularity
C- color variation
D- diameter >6 mm
E- elevation
Vitiligo the complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin.
Occurs in all people but dark-skinned people suffer greater threat to their body
image.
Pallor (appear white or gray) - Decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin. Oxygenated
hemoglobin is what gives our skin a red tone. Localized or systemic
vasoconstriction can cause the skin to lose this red color and look pale. Also, a
systemic lack of oxygenated hemoglobin, such as in anemia, can cause a person
to have widespread pallor. Usually first assessed in mucous membranes, nails,
conjunctiva of the eye.
Erythema (appears red)- Excessive blood (hyperemia) in dilated superficial capillaries can
cause a redness of the skin. Expected with fever, emotional states, local
inflammation (seen with edema (swelling) and warmth).
Cyanosis (appears blue or gray and mottled)- Increased deoxygenated blood. This
indicates hypoxemia (low arterial oxygen levels). This means that the body is
shunting oxygenated blood to major organs (brain and heart) away from non-life
supporting body parts (skin and peripheral extremities). The first place you will
see cyanosis is in the lips, nose, cheeks, ears, oral mucosa; also occurs with
decreased consciousness and respiratory failure. Common causes are shock,
cardiac arrest, heart failure, & chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Jaundice (appears yellow/orange) - Indicates increased bilirubin in the blood. First
assessed on the hard and soft palate of the mouth and in the sclera of the eye (up
to the iris). Indicates hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell disease, or a transfusion
reaction.
Expected Skin Turgor/Elasticity Smooth, Firm, even surface, with good elasticity (decreased in the older adult)
without peripheral edema bilaterally.
Edema fluid accumulating in the interstitial spaces. Assess by imprinting your thumbs for
3-4 seconds against the ankle or tibia. Then feel for "pitting" indentation. Unilateral
peripheral enema = local or peripheral cause. Bilateral/ generalized edema =
systemic (heart failure or kidney failure).
Grading edema · +1 = Mild - no swelling
· +2 = Moderate- indentation subsides rapidly
· +3 = Deep- swelling and indentation remains
· +4= Very deep - very swollen and indentation remains and long time
Skin Turgor measures skin elasticity pinch over the clavicle or sternum in older adults and look
for tenting. Tenting= decreased mobility of skin after being pinched for >2-3
seconds. Skin stays pinched.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
, ABCDE's of Skin Lesions A- asymmetry
B- boarder irregularity
C- color variation
D- diameter >6 mm
E- elevation
Vitiligo the complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin.
Occurs in all people but dark-skinned people suffer greater threat to their body
image.
Pallor (appear white or gray) - Decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin. Oxygenated
hemoglobin is what gives our skin a red tone. Localized or systemic
vasoconstriction can cause the skin to lose this red color and look pale. Also, a
systemic lack of oxygenated hemoglobin, such as in anemia, can cause a person
to have widespread pallor. Usually first assessed in mucous membranes, nails,
conjunctiva of the eye.
Erythema (appears red)- Excessive blood (hyperemia) in dilated superficial capillaries can
cause a redness of the skin. Expected with fever, emotional states, local
inflammation (seen with edema (swelling) and warmth).
Cyanosis (appears blue or gray and mottled)- Increased deoxygenated blood. This
indicates hypoxemia (low arterial oxygen levels). This means that the body is
shunting oxygenated blood to major organs (brain and heart) away from non-life
supporting body parts (skin and peripheral extremities). The first place you will
see cyanosis is in the lips, nose, cheeks, ears, oral mucosa; also occurs with
decreased consciousness and respiratory failure. Common causes are shock,
cardiac arrest, heart failure, & chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Jaundice (appears yellow/orange) - Indicates increased bilirubin in the blood. First
assessed on the hard and soft palate of the mouth and in the sclera of the eye (up
to the iris). Indicates hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell disease, or a transfusion
reaction.
Expected Skin Turgor/Elasticity Smooth, Firm, even surface, with good elasticity (decreased in the older adult)
without peripheral edema bilaterally.
Edema fluid accumulating in the interstitial spaces. Assess by imprinting your thumbs for
3-4 seconds against the ankle or tibia. Then feel for "pitting" indentation. Unilateral
peripheral enema = local or peripheral cause. Bilateral/ generalized edema =
systemic (heart failure or kidney failure).
Grading edema · +1 = Mild - no swelling
· +2 = Moderate- indentation subsides rapidly
· +3 = Deep- swelling and indentation remains
· +4= Very deep - very swollen and indentation remains and long time
Skin Turgor measures skin elasticity pinch over the clavicle or sternum in older adults and look
for tenting. Tenting= decreased mobility of skin after being pinched for >2-3
seconds. Skin stays pinched.
