NSG 533 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Module One with Q and A

NSG 533 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Module One with Q and A What does maintenance of ion concentration in the cell do? ANSWER controls volume of the cell - if more sodium came into cell water would follow and cell would swell What happens when the Na-K-ATPase pump fails? ANSWER sodium ions enter freely, as well as water, and potassium ions leave. Calcium also abnormally enters the cell, including the mitochondria What happens to the organelles when the cell swells? ANSWER they also swell What happens to the rough ER when the cell swells? ANSWER the rough endoplasmic reticulum swells and the ribosomes fall off and protein synthesis stops What happens when anaerobic glycolysis increases? ANSWER glycogen stores are depleted, lactic acid (lactate) is produced What happens when too much lactic acid is produced? ANSWER the intercellular PH declines - even a slight drop can incapacitate the cell What happens when ph balance of the cell is lost? ANSWER clumping of nuclear material (pyknosis) and the rupture of already swollen lysosomes and release of their proteolytic enzymes