NSG 530 Exam II Questions With Complete Solutions
Which is the most common type of congenital heart defect the
nurse should assess for in infants?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
A newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis, usually
occurring during crying or after feeding. Which of the following
is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
Tetralogy of Fallot (Tet spell: hypoxic spell)
A 40-year-old pregnant woman is concerned about the health of
her unborn child. She has phenylketonuria (PKU) and recently
had a viral infection. If the child is born with a congenital heart
defect, which of the following is the most likely based on the
mother's history?
Coarctation of aorta; Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
A nurse is teaching staff about pulmonary edema. Which
information should the nurse include? The most common cause
of pulmonary edema is:
Left heart failure
,A 22-year-old female presents w. chronic bronchitis. Tests
reveal closure of the airway during expiration. While planning
care, a nurse recalls this condition is most likely caused by:
Thick mucus from hypertrophied glands (hypersecretion)
While reviewing lab results, to help confirm a diagnosis of CF in
a 1-year-old child, which substance will be present in the child's
sweat?
Sodium chloride
A nurse is teaching about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Which information should the nurse include? SIDS peaks
between __ and __ months of age.
3, 4
Where does the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
take place?
Pulmonary vessels, and to a lesser extent in endothelial and
renal epithelial cells
Describe the sequence in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system.
Low blood volume/ low BP/ low Na+/ high K+ concentration ->
secretes renin from kidneys -> liver released angiotensin into
blood which is converted to angiotensin I -> ACE released from
, lungs to convert angtiotensin I to II -> vasoconstriction ->
elevated BP and restores renal perfusion
-> angiotensin II stimulates secretion of aldosterone from
adrenal cortex and ADH from post. pituitary -> aldosterone
promotes Na+ and water reabsorption + excretion of K+ within
renal tubules -> increase blood volume
What type of microorganisms produce exotoxins?
Bacterial pathogens
An elderly patient has a BP reading of 176/68. What is the most
likely cause of this type of elevation?
Stage 2 HTN SBP > 140 and/or DBP > 90
What lab tests would help dx HF and provide insight into its
severity?
ECHO -> shows decreased EF and cardiomegaly
BNP: level of serum used to estimate severity of HF
What are the anticipated complications of left ventricular failure
along with decreased renal perfusion?
Decreased contractility -> decreased renal perfusion and
increase in renin and angiotensin -> increased afterload -> HTN
Decreased contractility -> decreased EF and increased left
ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEVD) -> increased preload
-> renal failure
Which is the most common type of congenital heart defect the
nurse should assess for in infants?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
A newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis, usually
occurring during crying or after feeding. Which of the following
is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
Tetralogy of Fallot (Tet spell: hypoxic spell)
A 40-year-old pregnant woman is concerned about the health of
her unborn child. She has phenylketonuria (PKU) and recently
had a viral infection. If the child is born with a congenital heart
defect, which of the following is the most likely based on the
mother's history?
Coarctation of aorta; Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
A nurse is teaching staff about pulmonary edema. Which
information should the nurse include? The most common cause
of pulmonary edema is:
Left heart failure
,A 22-year-old female presents w. chronic bronchitis. Tests
reveal closure of the airway during expiration. While planning
care, a nurse recalls this condition is most likely caused by:
Thick mucus from hypertrophied glands (hypersecretion)
While reviewing lab results, to help confirm a diagnosis of CF in
a 1-year-old child, which substance will be present in the child's
sweat?
Sodium chloride
A nurse is teaching about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Which information should the nurse include? SIDS peaks
between __ and __ months of age.
3, 4
Where does the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
take place?
Pulmonary vessels, and to a lesser extent in endothelial and
renal epithelial cells
Describe the sequence in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system.
Low blood volume/ low BP/ low Na+/ high K+ concentration ->
secretes renin from kidneys -> liver released angiotensin into
blood which is converted to angiotensin I -> ACE released from
, lungs to convert angtiotensin I to II -> vasoconstriction ->
elevated BP and restores renal perfusion
-> angiotensin II stimulates secretion of aldosterone from
adrenal cortex and ADH from post. pituitary -> aldosterone
promotes Na+ and water reabsorption + excretion of K+ within
renal tubules -> increase blood volume
What type of microorganisms produce exotoxins?
Bacterial pathogens
An elderly patient has a BP reading of 176/68. What is the most
likely cause of this type of elevation?
Stage 2 HTN SBP > 140 and/or DBP > 90
What lab tests would help dx HF and provide insight into its
severity?
ECHO -> shows decreased EF and cardiomegaly
BNP: level of serum used to estimate severity of HF
What are the anticipated complications of left ventricular failure
along with decreased renal perfusion?
Decreased contractility -> decreased renal perfusion and
increase in renin and angiotensin -> increased afterload -> HTN
Decreased contractility -> decreased EF and increased left
ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEVD) -> increased preload
-> renal failure
