HFRG PPCT INSTRUCTOR STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST 2026
Threat Pattern Recognition is? - Answers A system that examines the patterns associated with an
assault or lethal assault, and engineers a tactical solution based on science and motor performance.
Threat Pattern Recognition training indicates in research that? - Answers Officers who received proper
TPR decrease their Reaction Time during a deadly force assault, and enhance their precision.
Human Factor Research is defined as? - Answers The study of human capabilities & human limitations
in a specific domain.
The TPR use of force system applies what type of research to the design of training? - Answers Human
Factors
Pre-Attentive Sub Cortical [superior colliculus]?
The cortical visual pathway processes an image in? - Answers 1.) .012 seconds
2.) .33 Seconds
Under stress, peripheral vision can be reduced by __% when the SNS is activated? - Answers 70
As task difficulty or complexity increases, the optimum level arousal for effective response decreases.
What term is this known as? - Answers Inverted-U Law
Human Factors is? - Answers the study of human capabilities and human limitations in a specific
domain.
High-Risk Human Factors is defined as? - Answers The study of human capabilities and limitations in a
high risk environment that is dynamic (chaotic), fluid (uncertain), time compressed and life
threatening.
2001-2010 Officers feloniously killed with firearm: Distance - Answers 0-5 Feet: 51.9%
6-10 Feet: 19.2%
0-10 Feet: 71.1%
In Siddle's follow-up to Hontz's study regarding assailant response time, he found? - Answers
Assailant movement speed was .37 seconds. Siddle also found officer response time from the holster
was 1.9 seconds without aiming, 2.4 seconds when aiming.
The four components of Acceptability? - Answers 1.)Tactical
2.)Legal
3.)Medical
4.) Human Factors Research
Mental States in Combat - Answers 1.) Combat Anxiety
2.) Survival Stress
3.) Combat Stress
"The anticipation of danger", this application may lead to a gradual deterioration of both mental and
physical skills. - Answers Combat Anxiety
"Deadly force threat perception that initiates the SNS discharge," the associated physiological changes
can affect performance. - Answers Survival Stress
The post event mental and physiological symptoms that are a result of the SNS activation and the
sudden return to the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) "backlash," which may distort the
memory. - Answers Combat Stress
The Autonomic Nervous System? - Answers A part of the peripheral nervous system and it controls
many organs and muscles within the body. We are often unaware of the workings of this type of
system and it controls many organs and muscles within the body.
the ANS is divided into? - Answers The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
Which system within the Autonomic Nervous system is responsible for the "flight or flee?" (uses more
energy, blood pressure increases, heart beats faster, pupils dilate and digestion slows. - Answers
Sympathetic Nervous System
When activated what system will make the heart beat slower and with less force, the pupils will
constrict, mucus production increases and digestion can start? (pupils constrict, blood pressure
decreases, heart rate slows, mucus production increases and digestion can start. - Answers
Parasympathetic Nervous Sysetm
Four triggers that activate the SNS? - Answers 1.) Objective Threat Perceptions
2.) Objective Fear Perceptions
3.) Physical Exhaustion
, 4.) Startle Response
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(1) Objective Threat Perceptions are? - Answers Threat is within close proximity, the time needed to
control the threat is minimal, the person is not confident with his/her abilities, or fact that threat
perception is new.
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(2) Objective Fear Perceptions are? - Answers A person having fear of death, injury, killing, incorrect
decision-making, failure or simply fear itself.
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(3) Physical Exhaustion? - Answers Caused by either depletion of the Adenosine
Triphosphate/phosphocreatine (ATP) fuel system or inadequate nutrition can activate the SNS. It's
also been noted that officers escalate their use of force upon exhaustion.
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(4) Startle Response? - Answers the belief is man evolutionally had a hunted mindset. studies on
mankind indicate that we still have a prey mindset and the startle response can trigger a series of
survival mechanisms.
Adrenal and Vascular changes upon activation of the SNS? - Answers Adrenal Activity: The Adrenal
Medula acts almost as a separate endocrine gland. It produces hormones, but its nerve fibers also link
it with the SNS and are involved in the "fight or flight" response that is triggered by stress. Hormones
released include norepinephrine and epinephrine
Vascular Activity: Vasoconstriction, reducing the blood flows to the hands and fingers which can
reduce dexterity. this can have a negative effect on performance. Vasoconstriction also reduces
bleeding, which can be deceptive as serious wounds may not show excessive blood loss during SNS
activation.
The Three Motor Skills Classifications are? - Answers 1.) Fine
2.) Complex
3.) Gross
How many BPM does the Fine Motor Skills become affected? - Answers 115 BPM (Skills that require
hand/eye coordination and hand dexterity.
What motor skill group involves large muscle or major muscle groups? Examples include straight
punch, forward baton strike. (only skills that increases in effectiveness given SNS activation) - Answers
Gross Motor Skills
How many BPM does the Complex Motor Skills become affected? - Answers 145 BPM (firearm
techniques depend on Complex Motor Skills
As task difficulty or complexity increases, the optimum level of arousal for effective response
decreases. What term is this known as? - Answers Inverted-U Law
Parasympathetic Nervous System "Backlash" - Answers Triggers: backlash triggers include perception
that threat has diminishes or that there has been an injury. Trauma to a vital system or exhastion of
the AS can also cause negative backlash.
Symptoms: Could include nausea, dizziness, excessive bleeding, and symptoms of shock, paleness,
excessive sweating and clammy skin. Overwhelming sense of exhastion and muscle tremors.
Recovery: Symptoms of this can be managed by lying horizontally to equalize blood pressure and or
ingesting fat burning carbohydrates as soon as possible.
A form of temporary amnesia subsequent to a SNS mass discharge, which includes the release of
cortisol. This will effect officers memory.
Before First Sleep: general characteristics
After First Sleep: 50%-90%
After Second Sleep: Amnesia should mostly subside. - Answers Critical Incident Amnesia
Report writing for Critical Incident Amnesia - Answers first report is verbal and titled, preliminary
report.
Supplemental report should not be prepared until after the first sleep period.
Threat Pattern Recognition is? - Answers A system that examines the patterns associated with an
assault or lethal assault, and engineers a tactical solution based on science and motor performance.
Threat Pattern Recognition training indicates in research that? - Answers Officers who received proper
TPR decrease their Reaction Time during a deadly force assault, and enhance their precision.
Human Factor Research is defined as? - Answers The study of human capabilities & human limitations
in a specific domain.
The TPR use of force system applies what type of research to the design of training? - Answers Human
Factors
Pre-Attentive Sub Cortical [superior colliculus]?
The cortical visual pathway processes an image in? - Answers 1.) .012 seconds
2.) .33 Seconds
Under stress, peripheral vision can be reduced by __% when the SNS is activated? - Answers 70
As task difficulty or complexity increases, the optimum level arousal for effective response decreases.
What term is this known as? - Answers Inverted-U Law
Human Factors is? - Answers the study of human capabilities and human limitations in a specific
domain.
High-Risk Human Factors is defined as? - Answers The study of human capabilities and limitations in a
high risk environment that is dynamic (chaotic), fluid (uncertain), time compressed and life
threatening.
2001-2010 Officers feloniously killed with firearm: Distance - Answers 0-5 Feet: 51.9%
6-10 Feet: 19.2%
0-10 Feet: 71.1%
In Siddle's follow-up to Hontz's study regarding assailant response time, he found? - Answers
Assailant movement speed was .37 seconds. Siddle also found officer response time from the holster
was 1.9 seconds without aiming, 2.4 seconds when aiming.
The four components of Acceptability? - Answers 1.)Tactical
2.)Legal
3.)Medical
4.) Human Factors Research
Mental States in Combat - Answers 1.) Combat Anxiety
2.) Survival Stress
3.) Combat Stress
"The anticipation of danger", this application may lead to a gradual deterioration of both mental and
physical skills. - Answers Combat Anxiety
"Deadly force threat perception that initiates the SNS discharge," the associated physiological changes
can affect performance. - Answers Survival Stress
The post event mental and physiological symptoms that are a result of the SNS activation and the
sudden return to the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) "backlash," which may distort the
memory. - Answers Combat Stress
The Autonomic Nervous System? - Answers A part of the peripheral nervous system and it controls
many organs and muscles within the body. We are often unaware of the workings of this type of
system and it controls many organs and muscles within the body.
the ANS is divided into? - Answers The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
Which system within the Autonomic Nervous system is responsible for the "flight or flee?" (uses more
energy, blood pressure increases, heart beats faster, pupils dilate and digestion slows. - Answers
Sympathetic Nervous System
When activated what system will make the heart beat slower and with less force, the pupils will
constrict, mucus production increases and digestion can start? (pupils constrict, blood pressure
decreases, heart rate slows, mucus production increases and digestion can start. - Answers
Parasympathetic Nervous Sysetm
Four triggers that activate the SNS? - Answers 1.) Objective Threat Perceptions
2.) Objective Fear Perceptions
3.) Physical Exhaustion
, 4.) Startle Response
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(1) Objective Threat Perceptions are? - Answers Threat is within close proximity, the time needed to
control the threat is minimal, the person is not confident with his/her abilities, or fact that threat
perception is new.
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(2) Objective Fear Perceptions are? - Answers A person having fear of death, injury, killing, incorrect
decision-making, failure or simply fear itself.
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(3) Physical Exhaustion? - Answers Caused by either depletion of the Adenosine
Triphosphate/phosphocreatine (ATP) fuel system or inadequate nutrition can activate the SNS. It's
also been noted that officers escalate their use of force upon exhaustion.
Four triggers that activate the SNS?
(4) Startle Response? - Answers the belief is man evolutionally had a hunted mindset. studies on
mankind indicate that we still have a prey mindset and the startle response can trigger a series of
survival mechanisms.
Adrenal and Vascular changes upon activation of the SNS? - Answers Adrenal Activity: The Adrenal
Medula acts almost as a separate endocrine gland. It produces hormones, but its nerve fibers also link
it with the SNS and are involved in the "fight or flight" response that is triggered by stress. Hormones
released include norepinephrine and epinephrine
Vascular Activity: Vasoconstriction, reducing the blood flows to the hands and fingers which can
reduce dexterity. this can have a negative effect on performance. Vasoconstriction also reduces
bleeding, which can be deceptive as serious wounds may not show excessive blood loss during SNS
activation.
The Three Motor Skills Classifications are? - Answers 1.) Fine
2.) Complex
3.) Gross
How many BPM does the Fine Motor Skills become affected? - Answers 115 BPM (Skills that require
hand/eye coordination and hand dexterity.
What motor skill group involves large muscle or major muscle groups? Examples include straight
punch, forward baton strike. (only skills that increases in effectiveness given SNS activation) - Answers
Gross Motor Skills
How many BPM does the Complex Motor Skills become affected? - Answers 145 BPM (firearm
techniques depend on Complex Motor Skills
As task difficulty or complexity increases, the optimum level of arousal for effective response
decreases. What term is this known as? - Answers Inverted-U Law
Parasympathetic Nervous System "Backlash" - Answers Triggers: backlash triggers include perception
that threat has diminishes or that there has been an injury. Trauma to a vital system or exhastion of
the AS can also cause negative backlash.
Symptoms: Could include nausea, dizziness, excessive bleeding, and symptoms of shock, paleness,
excessive sweating and clammy skin. Overwhelming sense of exhastion and muscle tremors.
Recovery: Symptoms of this can be managed by lying horizontally to equalize blood pressure and or
ingesting fat burning carbohydrates as soon as possible.
A form of temporary amnesia subsequent to a SNS mass discharge, which includes the release of
cortisol. This will effect officers memory.
Before First Sleep: general characteristics
After First Sleep: 50%-90%
After Second Sleep: Amnesia should mostly subside. - Answers Critical Incident Amnesia
Report writing for Critical Incident Amnesia - Answers first report is verbal and titled, preliminary
report.
Supplemental report should not be prepared until after the first sleep period.
