NUR 275 MIDTERM EXAM WITH REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ CERTIFICATION
TEST SCRIPT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ List clinical manifestations for colon cancer. Answer: - constipation or
diarrhea/gas pains
- black tarry stool or bright red blood
- changes in shape of stool
- abdominal bloating or pain
- palpable mass
- weight loss
- intestinal obstruction - may see bowel obstructions
- anemia of unknown source
- mets usually to adjacent lymph nodes
- tumors in rectosigmoid colon associated with hematochezia, narrowing
of stool and struggle to pass stool
⩥ What type of medical increases the risk for breast cancer?. Answer:
Oral contraceptives
,⩥ List risk factors for breast cancer. Answer: Female gender
Increasing age
Personal hx or family hx
Genetic mutation [BRCA]
Hormonal factors
- early menarche [before 12]
- late menopause [after 55]
- nulliparuty [no full term pregnancies]
- late age at first full term pregnancy [after 30]
- hormone therapy and/or long term use
Exposure to ionizing radiation during adolescence/early adulthood
Obesity
High fat diet
Alcohol intake
⩥ What age do we start mammograms?. Answer: Age 40
⩥ What are tertiary preventions for breast cancer?. Answer: Genetic
markers and hormone receptors
⩥ List the different types of surgical options for breast cancer and what
it is. Answer: - modified radical mastectomy [remove nipple, areola,
,most of breast tissue, axillary[sentinel] nodes; do not take BP/blood
from affected arm]
- total mastectomy [usually done for small cancers; remove nipples,
areola, breast tissue, but doesn't remove axillary nodes]
- breast conservation tx [lumpectomy]
- sentinel lymph node bx [see if cancer has spread; cannot draw labs;
higher risk for lymphedema]
- TRAM flap [total mastectomy, take rectus abdominal muscle and dat
and use it to rebuild a new breast; important to check circulation with a
doppler]
⩥ List potential complications from surgical options for breast cancer.
Answer: - lymphedema
- hematoma/seroma
- infection
- flap failure
- changes in sexual function
⩥ List risk factors for developing ovarian cancer. Answer: Family hx,
constipation, back pain, urinary urgency
⩥ List some of the sx of ovarian cancer. Answer: Bloating, constipation,
back pain, urinary urgency
, palpable ovaries in a woman who has undergone menopause is a bad
sign
⩥ List the surgical management options for ovarian cancer. Answer: -
total abdominal hysterectomy
- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
⩥ List nursing considerations for ovarian cancer and surgery. Answer: -
anxiety/body image
- stop any anticoagulants
- stop taking vitamin e
- rule out pregnancy day of surgery
- pain
- may have a foley after surgery
⩥ List potential complications after ovarian cancer surgery. Answer: -
hemorrhage
- DVT
- bladder dysfunction
⩥ Describe small cell lung cancer. Answer: - smaller sized cells that
grow and spread quickly
- more closely linked to smoking
EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ CERTIFICATION
TEST SCRIPT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ List clinical manifestations for colon cancer. Answer: - constipation or
diarrhea/gas pains
- black tarry stool or bright red blood
- changes in shape of stool
- abdominal bloating or pain
- palpable mass
- weight loss
- intestinal obstruction - may see bowel obstructions
- anemia of unknown source
- mets usually to adjacent lymph nodes
- tumors in rectosigmoid colon associated with hematochezia, narrowing
of stool and struggle to pass stool
⩥ What type of medical increases the risk for breast cancer?. Answer:
Oral contraceptives
,⩥ List risk factors for breast cancer. Answer: Female gender
Increasing age
Personal hx or family hx
Genetic mutation [BRCA]
Hormonal factors
- early menarche [before 12]
- late menopause [after 55]
- nulliparuty [no full term pregnancies]
- late age at first full term pregnancy [after 30]
- hormone therapy and/or long term use
Exposure to ionizing radiation during adolescence/early adulthood
Obesity
High fat diet
Alcohol intake
⩥ What age do we start mammograms?. Answer: Age 40
⩥ What are tertiary preventions for breast cancer?. Answer: Genetic
markers and hormone receptors
⩥ List the different types of surgical options for breast cancer and what
it is. Answer: - modified radical mastectomy [remove nipple, areola,
,most of breast tissue, axillary[sentinel] nodes; do not take BP/blood
from affected arm]
- total mastectomy [usually done for small cancers; remove nipples,
areola, breast tissue, but doesn't remove axillary nodes]
- breast conservation tx [lumpectomy]
- sentinel lymph node bx [see if cancer has spread; cannot draw labs;
higher risk for lymphedema]
- TRAM flap [total mastectomy, take rectus abdominal muscle and dat
and use it to rebuild a new breast; important to check circulation with a
doppler]
⩥ List potential complications from surgical options for breast cancer.
Answer: - lymphedema
- hematoma/seroma
- infection
- flap failure
- changes in sexual function
⩥ List risk factors for developing ovarian cancer. Answer: Family hx,
constipation, back pain, urinary urgency
⩥ List some of the sx of ovarian cancer. Answer: Bloating, constipation,
back pain, urinary urgency
, palpable ovaries in a woman who has undergone menopause is a bad
sign
⩥ List the surgical management options for ovarian cancer. Answer: -
total abdominal hysterectomy
- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
⩥ List nursing considerations for ovarian cancer and surgery. Answer: -
anxiety/body image
- stop any anticoagulants
- stop taking vitamin e
- rule out pregnancy day of surgery
- pain
- may have a foley after surgery
⩥ List potential complications after ovarian cancer surgery. Answer: -
hemorrhage
- DVT
- bladder dysfunction
⩥ Describe small cell lung cancer. Answer: - smaller sized cells that
grow and spread quickly
- more closely linked to smoking
