BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab 2025 |
Module 2 Exam Review |100+ Questions and Answers
Summary |LockDown Browser |Portage Learning
How to Use This Review
This document is divided into sections mirroring the core topics of Module 2. Each
section contains a mix of question formats you are likely to see on your exam,
including multiple-choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and true/false. Answers and
detailed explanations are provided to reinforce your understanding .
Section 1: Cell Structure and Function
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Organ system
Answer-: C. The cell is the smallest unit capable of performing all life functions .
2. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer-: C. Mitochondria convert chemical energy from food into ATP .
,3. A student observes a cell with a very prominent nucleus and cytoplasm
containing many ribosomes. What type of cell is most likely being observed?
Answer-: A protein-secreting cell (e.g., pancreatic acinar cell). High ribosome
content indicates active protein synthesis .
4. Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?
A. Ribosomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microfilaments
D. All of the above
Answer-: C. The cytoskeleton is made of microfilaments, intermediate filaments,
and microtubules .
5. True or False: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP.
Answer-: False. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP .
Section 2: The Plasma Membrane & Transport
6. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
B. Phospholipids and proteins
C. Cholesterol and carbohydrates
D. Proteins and nucleic acids
Answer-: B. The fluid mosaic model describes a bilayer of phospholipids with
embedded and peripheral proteins .
7. Substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the plasma
membrane from high to low concentration without energy. This process is
called:
Answer-: Simple diffusion .
8. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:
A. Shrivel
B. Swell and possibly lyse
C. Stay the same
D. Undergo plasmolysis
, Answer-: B. Water moves into the cell from the area of higher water
concentration (outside the cell) .
9. Which type of transport moves sodium ions out of a cell against their
concentration gradient using ATP?
Answer-: Active transport. This requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against
their gradient .
10. The sodium-potassium pump moves:
A. 2 Na⁺ out, 3 K⁺ in
B. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C. 3 K⁺ out, 2 Na⁺ in
D. 2 K⁺ out, 3 Na⁺ in
Answer-: B. This active transport pump is essential for maintaining the resting
membrane potential .
11. A cell uses vesicles to export proteins it synthesized. This process is called:
Answer-: Exocytosis .
12. A patient's cells cannot maintain a resting membrane potential due to an
ATP deficiency. Which pump is likely affected?
Answer-: Sodium-potassium ATPase (pump). It requires ATP to maintain the ionic
gradients .
Section 3: Tissues - Epithelium
13. What are the four primary types of tissues in the human body?
Answer-: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous .
14. Epithelial tissue is characterized by being ______ (having no blood vessels)
and ______ (having a free surface).
Answer-: Avascular; Polarized (or having an apical surface) .
15. The underside of epithelial tissue is attached to a basement membrane.
What is its function?
Answer-: It anchors the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue .
Module 2 Exam Review |100+ Questions and Answers
Summary |LockDown Browser |Portage Learning
How to Use This Review
This document is divided into sections mirroring the core topics of Module 2. Each
section contains a mix of question formats you are likely to see on your exam,
including multiple-choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and true/false. Answers and
detailed explanations are provided to reinforce your understanding .
Section 1: Cell Structure and Function
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Organ system
Answer-: C. The cell is the smallest unit capable of performing all life functions .
2. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer-: C. Mitochondria convert chemical energy from food into ATP .
,3. A student observes a cell with a very prominent nucleus and cytoplasm
containing many ribosomes. What type of cell is most likely being observed?
Answer-: A protein-secreting cell (e.g., pancreatic acinar cell). High ribosome
content indicates active protein synthesis .
4. Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?
A. Ribosomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Microfilaments
D. All of the above
Answer-: C. The cytoskeleton is made of microfilaments, intermediate filaments,
and microtubules .
5. True or False: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP.
Answer-: False. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP .
Section 2: The Plasma Membrane & Transport
6. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
B. Phospholipids and proteins
C. Cholesterol and carbohydrates
D. Proteins and nucleic acids
Answer-: B. The fluid mosaic model describes a bilayer of phospholipids with
embedded and peripheral proteins .
7. Substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the plasma
membrane from high to low concentration without energy. This process is
called:
Answer-: Simple diffusion .
8. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:
A. Shrivel
B. Swell and possibly lyse
C. Stay the same
D. Undergo plasmolysis
, Answer-: B. Water moves into the cell from the area of higher water
concentration (outside the cell) .
9. Which type of transport moves sodium ions out of a cell against their
concentration gradient using ATP?
Answer-: Active transport. This requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against
their gradient .
10. The sodium-potassium pump moves:
A. 2 Na⁺ out, 3 K⁺ in
B. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C. 3 K⁺ out, 2 Na⁺ in
D. 2 K⁺ out, 3 Na⁺ in
Answer-: B. This active transport pump is essential for maintaining the resting
membrane potential .
11. A cell uses vesicles to export proteins it synthesized. This process is called:
Answer-: Exocytosis .
12. A patient's cells cannot maintain a resting membrane potential due to an
ATP deficiency. Which pump is likely affected?
Answer-: Sodium-potassium ATPase (pump). It requires ATP to maintain the ionic
gradients .
Section 3: Tissues - Epithelium
13. What are the four primary types of tissues in the human body?
Answer-: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous .
14. Epithelial tissue is characterized by being ______ (having no blood vessels)
and ______ (having a free surface).
Answer-: Avascular; Polarized (or having an apical surface) .
15. The underside of epithelial tissue is attached to a basement membrane.
What is its function?
Answer-: It anchors the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue .
