Page |1
ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The
calves arrived at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one
week later, 40 of the animals developed pneumonia. These calves were
treated with oxytetracycline, and the pneumonia appeared to resolve.
On physical examination, the affect calves have swellings in the carpi,
tarsi, and stifles with distension of associated tendon sheaths, and stiff
gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem eamination shows
fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following
organisms is the most likely cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium
Ans: B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in
feedlot cattle, including respiratory disease, speticemia, and
polyarthritis. In this case, the calves initially developed
pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of lameness, joint
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic
arthritis, and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus
somni infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and
papillary muscle necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni
as the causative agent.
-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia
in calves
What is hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse
Ans: -a genetic disorder that affects muscles causing episodes
of muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
What is the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Ans: THe disorder is caused by a mutation in the sodium
channel gene, leading to increased potassium levels in the
blood. This affects the electrical activity of muscle cells,
causing the muscles to contract abnormally
What are symptoms of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses
Ans: -muscle twitching or trembling
-weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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-episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
what are triggers of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Ans: -high potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses
or certain grains
-stress, exercise or fasting
how would you manage hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Ans: -dietary modification like feeding low potassium diets and
aoiding alfala and monitor potassium intake
-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating
membrane and muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank.
During examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back
in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0
degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30
breaths/min.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron disease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
E) Tetanus
Ans: D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or
paralysis.
-Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP
due to muscle weakness in the face
-Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe
weakness, dog sitting posture strongly supports this
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating
membrane and muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank.
During examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back
in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0
degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30
breaths/min.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The
calves arrived at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one
week later, 40 of the animals developed pneumonia. These calves were
treated with oxytetracycline, and the pneumonia appeared to resolve.
On physical examination, the affect calves have swellings in the carpi,
tarsi, and stifles with distension of associated tendon sheaths, and stiff
gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem eamination shows
fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following
organisms is the most likely cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium
Ans: B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in
feedlot cattle, including respiratory disease, speticemia, and
polyarthritis. In this case, the calves initially developed
pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of lameness, joint
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic
arthritis, and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus
somni infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and
papillary muscle necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni
as the causative agent.
-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia
in calves
What is hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse
Ans: -a genetic disorder that affects muscles causing episodes
of muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
What is the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Ans: THe disorder is caused by a mutation in the sodium
channel gene, leading to increased potassium levels in the
blood. This affects the electrical activity of muscle cells,
causing the muscles to contract abnormally
What are symptoms of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses
Ans: -muscle twitching or trembling
-weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
-episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
what are triggers of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Ans: -high potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses
or certain grains
-stress, exercise or fasting
how would you manage hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Ans: -dietary modification like feeding low potassium diets and
aoiding alfala and monitor potassium intake
-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating
membrane and muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank.
During examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back
in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0
degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30
breaths/min.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron disease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
E) Tetanus
Ans: D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or
paralysis.
-Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP
due to muscle weakness in the face
-Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe
weakness, dog sitting posture strongly supports this
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation.
Physical examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating
membrane and muscle fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank.
During examination, the mare's hindlimbs give way, and she leans back
in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0
degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 30
breaths/min.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
