NURS FPX4060 FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Describe the Monro-Kellie Doctrine. Answer: The total intracranial
volume (brain, blood, CSF) is consistent (if one increases, the other two
are displaced)
◉ What are the three normal compensatory mechanisms to maintain
normal ICP? Answer: CSF volume changes by altering production or
absorption
Changes in intracranial blood volume occur through: collapse of cerebral
veins and dural sinuses, cerebral vasoconstriction or dilation, changes in
venous outflow
Brain tissue volume compensates through distention
◉ Define cerebral blood flow. Answer: Amount of blood (in mL)
passing through 100 g of brain tissue in on minute
◉ What is normal cerebral blood flow? Answer: About 50 mL/min per
100 g of brain tissue
◉ Why is cerebral blood flow so important? Answer: Brain requires
oxygen (and glucose)
, ◉ Define auto regulation of cerebral blood flow. Answer: Automatic
alteration in the diameter of the cerebral blood vessels to maintain a
constant blood flow to the brain
◉ Auto regulation is effective when... Answer: Map is between 70-150
◉ What is normal cerebral perfusion pressure? Answer: 70-100
◉ Define cerebral perfusion pressure. Answer: Pressure needed to
ensure blood flow to the brain
◉ How is cerebral perfusion pressure calculated? Answer: MAP - ICP
◉ Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) less than 50 is associated with?
Answer: Ischemia and neuronal death
◉ CPP less than 30 is associated with? Answer: Incompatible with life
◉ What are some common causes of increased ICP? Answer: Mass
lesions (abscess, tumor, hematoma)
Head injury (contusion, hemorrhage)
Cerebral infection (encephalitis, meningitis)
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Describe the Monro-Kellie Doctrine. Answer: The total intracranial
volume (brain, blood, CSF) is consistent (if one increases, the other two
are displaced)
◉ What are the three normal compensatory mechanisms to maintain
normal ICP? Answer: CSF volume changes by altering production or
absorption
Changes in intracranial blood volume occur through: collapse of cerebral
veins and dural sinuses, cerebral vasoconstriction or dilation, changes in
venous outflow
Brain tissue volume compensates through distention
◉ Define cerebral blood flow. Answer: Amount of blood (in mL)
passing through 100 g of brain tissue in on minute
◉ What is normal cerebral blood flow? Answer: About 50 mL/min per
100 g of brain tissue
◉ Why is cerebral blood flow so important? Answer: Brain requires
oxygen (and glucose)
, ◉ Define auto regulation of cerebral blood flow. Answer: Automatic
alteration in the diameter of the cerebral blood vessels to maintain a
constant blood flow to the brain
◉ Auto regulation is effective when... Answer: Map is between 70-150
◉ What is normal cerebral perfusion pressure? Answer: 70-100
◉ Define cerebral perfusion pressure. Answer: Pressure needed to
ensure blood flow to the brain
◉ How is cerebral perfusion pressure calculated? Answer: MAP - ICP
◉ Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) less than 50 is associated with?
Answer: Ischemia and neuronal death
◉ CPP less than 30 is associated with? Answer: Incompatible with life
◉ What are some common causes of increased ICP? Answer: Mass
lesions (abscess, tumor, hematoma)
Head injury (contusion, hemorrhage)
Cerebral infection (encephalitis, meningitis)
