Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th
Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
Multiple Choice
The principal function of the immune system is:
A. Defense against cancer
B. Repair of injured tissues
C. Defense against microbial infections
D. Prevention of inflammatory diseases
E. Protection against environmental toxins
ANS: C. The immune system has evolved in the setting of selective pressures imposed by
microbial infections. Although immune responses to cancer may occur, the concept that
“immunosurveillance” against cancer is a principal function of the immune system is
controversial. Repair of injured tissues may be a secondary consequence of the immune
responses and inflammation. Although the immune system has regulatory features that are
needed to prevent excessive inflammation, prevention of inflammatory diseases is not a primary
function. The immune system can protect against microbial toxins, but it generally does not offer
protection against toxins of nonbiologic origin.
2. Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first successful
vaccination?
A. Polio
B. Tuberculosis
C. Smallpox
D. Tetanus
E. Rubella
ANS: C. In 1798, Edward Jenner reported the first intentional successful vaccination, which was
against smallpox in a boy, using material from the cowpox pustules of a milkmaid. In 1980,
smallpox was reported to be eradicated worldwide by a vaccination program. Effective vaccines
against tetanus toxin, rubella virus, and poliovirus were developed in the 20th century and are
widely used. There is no effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
3. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
A. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
B. Self-nonself discrimination
C. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
D. Protection against viral infections
E. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure to the same
microbe
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
,ANS: A. Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B
lymphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune system. Both the
innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-associated and soluble receptors to recognize
microbes, display some degree of self-nonself discrimination, and protect against viruses. On
repeated exposure to the same microbe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and
of greater magnitude; this is the manifestation of memory.
4. Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two types of
immunity?
A. Innate and adaptive
B. Passive and active
C. Specific and nonspecific
D. Humoral and cell-mediated
E. Adult and neonatal
ANS: D. Both B and T lymphocytes are principal components of adaptive immunity. B
lymphocytes produce antibodies, which are the recognition and effector molecules of humoral
immune responses to extracellular pathogens. T cells recognize and promote eradication of
intracellular pathogens in cell-mediated immunity. Passive and active immunity both can be
mediated by either B or T lymphocytes. Specific immunity is another term for adaptive immunity.
Both B and T lymphocytes participate in adult adaptive immunity but are still developing in the
neonatal period.
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
A. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C. Memory T cells and effector T cells
D. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
E. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
ANS: A. T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector functions.
Most effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which enhance the responses of other
immune cells, including phagocytes and B cells, to infections, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which
directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocytes. Antigen-presenting cells
usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells.
6. Which of the following cell types is required for all adaptive humoral immune responses?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. Cytolytic T lymphocytes
D. B lymphocytes
E. Helper T lymphocytes
ANS: D. Humoral immune responses are antibody-mediated immune responses, and all
antibodies are made by B lymphocytes and no other cell type.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2
,Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th
Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
Matching
Questions 1-5
Match each of the descriptions in questions 1-5 with the appropriate name (A-M) of an anatomic
feature of lymphoid tissues.
A. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
B. Thymic medulla
C. Thymic cortex
D. Parafollicular cortex of lymph node
E. Hematopoietic bone marrow
F. Afferent lymphatic
G. Efferent lymphatic
H. Marginal zone
I. Red pulp of spleen
J. White pulp of spleen
K. Epidermis
L. Dermis
M. Peyer’s patch
1. Location of most T lymphocytes in the spleen
ANS: A. The periarteriolar lymphoid sheath surrounds the central arteries in the spleen and is the
T cell zone in this organ.
2. Vessels that drain lymph away from a lymph node
ANS: G. Efferent lymphatic vessels drain lymph away from lymph nodes; afferent vessels drain
lymph into lymph nodes.
3. Site of least mature T cell precursors in the thymus
ANS: C. Bone marrow–derived T cell precursors first enter the thymic cortex and migrate into
the medulla as they become more mature.
4. Location of Langerhans cells
ANS: K. Langerhans cells are dendritic cells in the epidermis of the skin that develop from fetal
macrophages.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
, 5. Lymphoid aggregate of the mucosal immune system
ANS: M. Peyer’s patches are B cell–rich lymphoid aggregates located in the submucosa of the
small intestine.
Multiple Choice
6. Which of the following is the generative (primary) lymphoid organ for T lymphocytes?
A. Bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. Lymph node
D. Thymus
E. Tonsil
ANS: D. Generative (primary) lymphoid organs are the organs where lymphocytes first express
antigen receptors and attain functional maturity. Although T cell precursors arise in the bone
marrow, these precursors migrate to the thymus, where maturation takes place. In contrast, B
cells mature in the bone marrow. Spleen, lymph node, and tonsil are secondary lymphoid organs
populated by mature B and T cells.
7. Which of the following statements about tissue-resident macrophages is correct?
A. They are all derived from blood monocytes that enter tissues during infections
B. Many of these cells first populate tissues during fetal development
C. They differentiate from different kinds of epithelial cells in each tissue
D. They constantly recirculate between different tissues
E. They are professional antigen-presenting cells that activate naive T cells that migrate into
tissues
ANS: B. Many tissue-resident macrophages are derived from fetal yolk sac and fetal liver
precursors and establish residence in the different tissues during fetal development. Other tissue-
resident macrophages are derived from bone marrow–derived blood monocytes that enter tissues
under normal conditions or during infections. Epithelial cells do not differentiate into
macrophages. Once in the tissue, tissue-resident macrophages cells do not leave to recirculate.
Naive T cells do not usually enter non-lymphoid tissues, and tissue-resident macrophages have
no role in presenting antigen to naive T cells.
8. Which type of leukocyte is the most abundant in the blood of a healthy adult?
A. Monocytes
B. B lymphocytes
C. T lymphocytes
D. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
E. Basophils
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
Multiple Choice
The principal function of the immune system is:
A. Defense against cancer
B. Repair of injured tissues
C. Defense against microbial infections
D. Prevention of inflammatory diseases
E. Protection against environmental toxins
ANS: C. The immune system has evolved in the setting of selective pressures imposed by
microbial infections. Although immune responses to cancer may occur, the concept that
“immunosurveillance” against cancer is a principal function of the immune system is
controversial. Repair of injured tissues may be a secondary consequence of the immune
responses and inflammation. Although the immune system has regulatory features that are
needed to prevent excessive inflammation, prevention of inflammatory diseases is not a primary
function. The immune system can protect against microbial toxins, but it generally does not offer
protection against toxins of nonbiologic origin.
2. Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first successful
vaccination?
A. Polio
B. Tuberculosis
C. Smallpox
D. Tetanus
E. Rubella
ANS: C. In 1798, Edward Jenner reported the first intentional successful vaccination, which was
against smallpox in a boy, using material from the cowpox pustules of a milkmaid. In 1980,
smallpox was reported to be eradicated worldwide by a vaccination program. Effective vaccines
against tetanus toxin, rubella virus, and poliovirus were developed in the 20th century and are
widely used. There is no effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
3. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
A. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
B. Self-nonself discrimination
C. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
D. Protection against viral infections
E. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure to the same
microbe
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
,ANS: A. Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B
lymphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune system. Both the
innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-associated and soluble receptors to recognize
microbes, display some degree of self-nonself discrimination, and protect against viruses. On
repeated exposure to the same microbe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and
of greater magnitude; this is the manifestation of memory.
4. Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two types of
immunity?
A. Innate and adaptive
B. Passive and active
C. Specific and nonspecific
D. Humoral and cell-mediated
E. Adult and neonatal
ANS: D. Both B and T lymphocytes are principal components of adaptive immunity. B
lymphocytes produce antibodies, which are the recognition and effector molecules of humoral
immune responses to extracellular pathogens. T cells recognize and promote eradication of
intracellular pathogens in cell-mediated immunity. Passive and active immunity both can be
mediated by either B or T lymphocytes. Specific immunity is another term for adaptive immunity.
Both B and T lymphocytes participate in adult adaptive immunity but are still developing in the
neonatal period.
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
A. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C. Memory T cells and effector T cells
D. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
E. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
ANS: A. T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector functions.
Most effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which enhance the responses of other
immune cells, including phagocytes and B cells, to infections, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which
directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocytes. Antigen-presenting cells
usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells.
6. Which of the following cell types is required for all adaptive humoral immune responses?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. Cytolytic T lymphocytes
D. B lymphocytes
E. Helper T lymphocytes
ANS: D. Humoral immune responses are antibody-mediated immune responses, and all
antibodies are made by B lymphocytes and no other cell type.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2
,Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th
Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
Matching
Questions 1-5
Match each of the descriptions in questions 1-5 with the appropriate name (A-M) of an anatomic
feature of lymphoid tissues.
A. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
B. Thymic medulla
C. Thymic cortex
D. Parafollicular cortex of lymph node
E. Hematopoietic bone marrow
F. Afferent lymphatic
G. Efferent lymphatic
H. Marginal zone
I. Red pulp of spleen
J. White pulp of spleen
K. Epidermis
L. Dermis
M. Peyer’s patch
1. Location of most T lymphocytes in the spleen
ANS: A. The periarteriolar lymphoid sheath surrounds the central arteries in the spleen and is the
T cell zone in this organ.
2. Vessels that drain lymph away from a lymph node
ANS: G. Efferent lymphatic vessels drain lymph away from lymph nodes; afferent vessels drain
lymph into lymph nodes.
3. Site of least mature T cell precursors in the thymus
ANS: C. Bone marrow–derived T cell precursors first enter the thymic cortex and migrate into
the medulla as they become more mature.
4. Location of Langerhans cells
ANS: K. Langerhans cells are dendritic cells in the epidermis of the skin that develop from fetal
macrophages.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
, 5. Lymphoid aggregate of the mucosal immune system
ANS: M. Peyer’s patches are B cell–rich lymphoid aggregates located in the submucosa of the
small intestine.
Multiple Choice
6. Which of the following is the generative (primary) lymphoid organ for T lymphocytes?
A. Bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. Lymph node
D. Thymus
E. Tonsil
ANS: D. Generative (primary) lymphoid organs are the organs where lymphocytes first express
antigen receptors and attain functional maturity. Although T cell precursors arise in the bone
marrow, these precursors migrate to the thymus, where maturation takes place. In contrast, B
cells mature in the bone marrow. Spleen, lymph node, and tonsil are secondary lymphoid organs
populated by mature B and T cells.
7. Which of the following statements about tissue-resident macrophages is correct?
A. They are all derived from blood monocytes that enter tissues during infections
B. Many of these cells first populate tissues during fetal development
C. They differentiate from different kinds of epithelial cells in each tissue
D. They constantly recirculate between different tissues
E. They are professional antigen-presenting cells that activate naive T cells that migrate into
tissues
ANS: B. Many tissue-resident macrophages are derived from fetal yolk sac and fetal liver
precursors and establish residence in the different tissues during fetal development. Other tissue-
resident macrophages are derived from bone marrow–derived blood monocytes that enter tissues
under normal conditions or during infections. Epithelial cells do not differentiate into
macrophages. Once in the tissue, tissue-resident macrophages cells do not leave to recirculate.
Naive T cells do not usually enter non-lymphoid tissues, and tissue-resident macrophages have
no role in presenting antigen to naive T cells.
8. Which type of leukocyte is the most abundant in the blood of a healthy adult?
A. Monocytes
B. B lymphocytes
C. T lymphocytes
D. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
E. Basophils
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2
