Solved Solutions 2025/2026 Update.
What is included in clinical preventive services? - Answer Screening tests
Behavior changes counseling
Preventive medications
Information/education
USPSTF Recommendation Grade A - Answer Grade A: service recommended
high certainty that benefit is substantial
USPSTF Recommendation Grade B - Answer Grade B: service recommended
high certainty that benefit is moderate
OR moderate certainty that benefit is moderate to substantial
USPSTF Recommendation Grade C - Answer Grade C: selectively recommended
moderate certainty that benefit is small
USPSTF Recommendation Grade D - Answer Grade D: recommends against service
Moderate-high certainty that there is no benefit or harms outweigh the benefits
USPSTF Recommendation I Statement - Answer I Statement: current evidence is insufficient
Evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting
Top Ranked Clinical Preventive Services for the U.S. Population ('A' grade) - Answer Cervical
cancer screening (cytology)
,Colorectal cancer screening
Hypertension screening
Tobacco smoking cessation
Primary interventions - Answer Stage: Pre-disease
Response:
Health promotion (ex. Health education)
Specific protection (ex. Immunization)
Secondary interventions - Answer Stage: Pre-symptomatic
Response:
Pre-symptomatic diagnosis
Treatment
Tertiary interventions - Answer Stage: Symptomatic disease
Response:
Disability limitation for early symptomatic disease
Rehabilitation for late symptomatic disease
California Nurse Practice Act Independent Functions - Answer Direct and indirect pt care
services that insure safety, comfort, personal hygiene and protection of pts, and the
performance of disease prevention
Performance of skin tests, immunization technique, and withdrawal of human blood
Observation of s/s of illness, reaction to tx, general behavior, or general physical condition and
implementation of reporting or referral
California Nurse Practice Act Dependent Functions - Answer Direct and indirect pt care
services like administration of mx and therapeutic agents ordered by physician, dentist, etc.
, California Nurse Practice Act Interdependent Functions - Answer Performance of medical
function that was developed through collaboration amongst RNs, physicians, and administrators
Authorizes nurse to implement procedures/changes in treatment after observing s/s of illness,
reactions to tx, etc and determining that these are abnormal characteristics
Data entry points to use the ASCVD Risk Estimator - Answer Age
Sex
Race
Systolic & Diastolic BP
Total cholesterol (HDL and LDL)
Hx of diabetes
Smoker?
On hypertension tx?
On a statin?
On aspirin therapy?
How to calculate the LDL for entry into the ASCVD Risk Estimator - Answer ¾ (TC-HDL) = LDL
Primary risk factors for ASCVD - Answer Hypertension
Smoking
High cholesterol
Diabetes