NUR 322 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
UPDATE 2026
Classifications of A-Fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- paroxysmal
persistent
long standing persistent
permanent
nonvalvular
classifications of A-Fib: paroxysmal - CORRECT ANSWES -- -self-terminating
-sudden onset and lasts less than 7 days
-treated <24 hours or immediately after treatment
-can recur
classification of A-Fib: persistent - CORRECT ANSWES -- -not self-terminating
-continuous and lasts more than 7 days
-requires treatment to convert to sinus rhythm
classification of A-Fib: long standing persistent - CORRECT ANSWES -- -continuous
and lasts greater than 12 months
classification of A-Fib: permanent - CORRECT ANSWES -- -persistent but the decision
has been made not to restore or maintain sinus rhythm
classification of A-fib: nonvalvular - CORRECT ANSWES -- -absence of mitral stenosis,
valve replacement or repair
risk factors for the development of a-fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- -abnormalities or
damage to the heart's structure
-age >75
-heart disease like HTN, MI, CAD, valve abnormalities, previous a-fib, hypertrophy,
fibrosis, dilation
-previous heart surgery
-congenital heart defects
-metabolic imbalances (hyperthyroidism)
-lung disease (COPD)
-obesity
-male
-exposure to stimulants like medications, caffeine, tobacco, alcohol
-inflammatory cardiac disease like myocarditis, pericarditis, amyloidosis
-stress
-obstructive sleep apnea
,-family history
consequence of untreated a-fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- may never return to sinus
rhythm
treatments of a-fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- -pharmacological
-non-surgical procedure
-surgical procedures
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological - CORRECT ANSWES -- -prevent clot formation or
treat existing clot
-control rate
-control rhythm
-prevent a-fib recurrence
-prevent stroke
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent clot formation or treat existing clot) -
CORRECT ANSWES -- -antiplatelet: keep clots from forming
-anticoagulants: target crucial blood clotting factors
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (control rate) - CORRECT ANSWES -- -beta
blockers: decreases automaticity and conduction
-Ca++ channel blockers: slow HR and reduce strength of the heart muscle conduction
-digoxin: strengthens heart contractions, slows the speed at which signals travel through
the electrical pathway to control HR
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (control rhythm) - CORRECT ANSWES -- -Na+
channel blockers: decreases impulse conduction through atria
-K+ channel blockers: slow the electrical signals causing a-fib
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent a-fib recurrence) - CORRECT ANSWES --
-beta blockers
-statins
-ace inhibitors used only with HTN
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for low risk) - CORRECT ANSWES
-- -antiplatelet: aspirin or plavix
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk) - CORRECT
ANSWES -- anticoagulant
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- vitamin K inhibitor -
CORRECT ANSWES -- -warfarin (coumadin)
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- factor Xa inhibitor oral
- CORRECT ANSWES -- -rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
-apixaban (Eliquis)
treatment of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- direct thrombin
inhibitor - CORRECT ANSWES -- -dabigatran (Pradaxa)
treatment of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- LMWH - CORRECT
ANSWES -- -enoxaparin (lovenox)
-dalteparin (fragmin)
treatment of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- factor Xa inhibitor
injectable - CORRECT ANSWES -- -fondaparinux (arixtra)
treatment of a-fib: non-surgical - CORRECT ANSWES -- -electrical cardioversion:
electric current used to reset the heart's rhythm
-radiofrequency
, -catheter ablation
treatment of a-fib: surgical - CORRECT ANSWES -- -pacemaker
-open heart MAZE procedure
a-fib diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWES -- -decreased cardiac output
-risk for ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion
-at risk for bleeding
-anxiety
-deficient knowledge
a-fib interventions - CORRECT ANSWES -- -elimination or decreasing the occurrence
of the dysrhythmia by monitoring episodes and medication effects
-maintain CO by monitoring vitals, light-headedness, dizziness, fainting and diaphoretic
-minimize anxiety
-patient teaching
a-fib patient teaching - CORRECT ANSWES -- -assess what patients know before
providing information
-if monitoring required, understands importance to adherence to therapy and blood
testing
-teach how to take a pulse rate
-develop plan for what to do in an emergency
-develop plan to avoid to reduce risk for recurrence of a-fib
a-fib evaluation - CORRECT ANSWES -- -step one: determine hemodynamic status
whether they are stable or unstable
-step two: evaluate symptoms by asking how are you feeling, when did these feelings
start, have you experienced any of these feelings before?
-step three: plan for treatment and management by controlling the rate then controlling
rhythm
a-fib medical evaluation - CORRECT ANSWES -- -history and physical exam
-12 lead ECG
-echocardiogram
-blood work
-chest x-rays
-stress tests
a-fib outcomes - CORRECT ANSWES -- reducing an overly high HR
-restoring the heart to a normal rhythm
-preventing blood clots
-managing risk factors for stroke
-preventing additional heart rhythm problems
-preventing heart failure
risk factors with the development of coronary artery disease (non-modifiable) -
CORRECT ANSWES -- -genetic
-increasing age
-gender
-race
risk factors with the development of CAD (modifiable) - CORRECT ANSWES -- -
hyperlipidemia
-smoking or tobacco use
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
UPDATE 2026
Classifications of A-Fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- paroxysmal
persistent
long standing persistent
permanent
nonvalvular
classifications of A-Fib: paroxysmal - CORRECT ANSWES -- -self-terminating
-sudden onset and lasts less than 7 days
-treated <24 hours or immediately after treatment
-can recur
classification of A-Fib: persistent - CORRECT ANSWES -- -not self-terminating
-continuous and lasts more than 7 days
-requires treatment to convert to sinus rhythm
classification of A-Fib: long standing persistent - CORRECT ANSWES -- -continuous
and lasts greater than 12 months
classification of A-Fib: permanent - CORRECT ANSWES -- -persistent but the decision
has been made not to restore or maintain sinus rhythm
classification of A-fib: nonvalvular - CORRECT ANSWES -- -absence of mitral stenosis,
valve replacement or repair
risk factors for the development of a-fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- -abnormalities or
damage to the heart's structure
-age >75
-heart disease like HTN, MI, CAD, valve abnormalities, previous a-fib, hypertrophy,
fibrosis, dilation
-previous heart surgery
-congenital heart defects
-metabolic imbalances (hyperthyroidism)
-lung disease (COPD)
-obesity
-male
-exposure to stimulants like medications, caffeine, tobacco, alcohol
-inflammatory cardiac disease like myocarditis, pericarditis, amyloidosis
-stress
-obstructive sleep apnea
,-family history
consequence of untreated a-fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- may never return to sinus
rhythm
treatments of a-fib - CORRECT ANSWES -- -pharmacological
-non-surgical procedure
-surgical procedures
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological - CORRECT ANSWES -- -prevent clot formation or
treat existing clot
-control rate
-control rhythm
-prevent a-fib recurrence
-prevent stroke
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent clot formation or treat existing clot) -
CORRECT ANSWES -- -antiplatelet: keep clots from forming
-anticoagulants: target crucial blood clotting factors
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (control rate) - CORRECT ANSWES -- -beta
blockers: decreases automaticity and conduction
-Ca++ channel blockers: slow HR and reduce strength of the heart muscle conduction
-digoxin: strengthens heart contractions, slows the speed at which signals travel through
the electrical pathway to control HR
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (control rhythm) - CORRECT ANSWES -- -Na+
channel blockers: decreases impulse conduction through atria
-K+ channel blockers: slow the electrical signals causing a-fib
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent a-fib recurrence) - CORRECT ANSWES --
-beta blockers
-statins
-ace inhibitors used only with HTN
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for low risk) - CORRECT ANSWES
-- -antiplatelet: aspirin or plavix
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk) - CORRECT
ANSWES -- anticoagulant
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- vitamin K inhibitor -
CORRECT ANSWES -- -warfarin (coumadin)
treatments of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- factor Xa inhibitor oral
- CORRECT ANSWES -- -rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
-apixaban (Eliquis)
treatment of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- direct thrombin
inhibitor - CORRECT ANSWES -- -dabigatran (Pradaxa)
treatment of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- LMWH - CORRECT
ANSWES -- -enoxaparin (lovenox)
-dalteparin (fragmin)
treatment of a-fib: pharmacological (prevent stroke for high risk)- factor Xa inhibitor
injectable - CORRECT ANSWES -- -fondaparinux (arixtra)
treatment of a-fib: non-surgical - CORRECT ANSWES -- -electrical cardioversion:
electric current used to reset the heart's rhythm
-radiofrequency
, -catheter ablation
treatment of a-fib: surgical - CORRECT ANSWES -- -pacemaker
-open heart MAZE procedure
a-fib diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWES -- -decreased cardiac output
-risk for ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion
-at risk for bleeding
-anxiety
-deficient knowledge
a-fib interventions - CORRECT ANSWES -- -elimination or decreasing the occurrence
of the dysrhythmia by monitoring episodes and medication effects
-maintain CO by monitoring vitals, light-headedness, dizziness, fainting and diaphoretic
-minimize anxiety
-patient teaching
a-fib patient teaching - CORRECT ANSWES -- -assess what patients know before
providing information
-if monitoring required, understands importance to adherence to therapy and blood
testing
-teach how to take a pulse rate
-develop plan for what to do in an emergency
-develop plan to avoid to reduce risk for recurrence of a-fib
a-fib evaluation - CORRECT ANSWES -- -step one: determine hemodynamic status
whether they are stable or unstable
-step two: evaluate symptoms by asking how are you feeling, when did these feelings
start, have you experienced any of these feelings before?
-step three: plan for treatment and management by controlling the rate then controlling
rhythm
a-fib medical evaluation - CORRECT ANSWES -- -history and physical exam
-12 lead ECG
-echocardiogram
-blood work
-chest x-rays
-stress tests
a-fib outcomes - CORRECT ANSWES -- reducing an overly high HR
-restoring the heart to a normal rhythm
-preventing blood clots
-managing risk factors for stroke
-preventing additional heart rhythm problems
-preventing heart failure
risk factors with the development of coronary artery disease (non-modifiable) -
CORRECT ANSWES -- -genetic
-increasing age
-gender
-race
risk factors with the development of CAD (modifiable) - CORRECT ANSWES -- -
hyperlipidemia
-smoking or tobacco use
