Pathophysiology 2026 Expert
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Symptoms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Subjective characteristics of disease felt only
by the patient
sign - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔If the doctor, nurse, or anyone notice evidence of
disease such as a fever
,Homeostasis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A tendency to maintain a balanced or
constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such
as blood glucose, around a particular level
Epinephrine is released during a stress response True or False - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔True; Aka Adrenaline
function of mitochondria - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔powerhouse of the cell, ATP
production, and Production of the cell energy.
The effective of the RAAS system -
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔is essential for
long-term blood pressure regulation. It involves a complex system of
hormones, proteins and enzymes.
vasodilation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A widening and increase of the diameter of a
blood vessel.
vasoconstriction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Reduces blood flow and heat transfer by
decreasing the diameter of superficial blood vessels.
Hyperplasia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the enlargement of an organ or tissue
because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
, Apply the concept of homeostasis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1.Stimulus produce
change in variable (body temperature falls), 2.Receptor detect change
(detected by thermoreceptors in skin), 3.Information sent along Afferent
pathway to control center, 4. Control centre process message (in the
thermoregulatory centre in brain).
Endoplasmic Reticulum - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔an internal membrane system in
which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed.
(Smooth & Rough ER)
Function of hormone renin - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Renin is an enzyme that helps
control your blood pressure and maintain healthy levels of sodium and
potassium in your body. (When blood volume or sodium levels in the body
are low, or blood potassium is high, cells in the kidney release the enzyme,
renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen, which is produced in the liver, to
the hormone angiotensin I.)
Hydrostatic pressure capillaries - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The pressure that blood
exerts in the capillaries is known as blood pressure. The force of
hydrostatic pressure means that as blood moves along the capillary, fluid
moves out through its pores and into the interstitial space.
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