C-EFM (Electronic Fetal Monitoring) Examination
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A |
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1. The baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) is defined as the mean FHR during a 10-
minute segment, excluding:
A. Accelerations
B. Decelerations
C. Periods of marked variability
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Baseline excludes accelerations, decelerations, and marked variability to reflect
the true resting heart rate.
2. Normal baseline FHR is:
A. 90–130 bpm
B. 110–160 bpm
C. 120–180 bpm
D. 100–170 bpm
The normal range for term fetuses is 110–160 bpm.
3. Moderate variability is defined as amplitude fluctuations of:
A. 0–5 bpm
B. 3–10 bpm
C. 6–25 bpm
D. >25 bpm
Moderate variability indicates a well-oxygenated fetus with intact neurologic
function.
4. Absent variability is associated with:
A. Fetal well-being
B. Fetal hypoxia or acidosis
,C. Maternal hypertension
D. Normal sleep cycle
Absent variability may indicate fetal compromise unless explained by
medications or sleep.
5. A fetal acceleration at ≥32 weeks is:
A. 10 bpm for 10 seconds
B. 10 bpm for 15 seconds
C. 15 bpm above baseline lasting 15 seconds
D. 20 bpm for 20 seconds
The 15x15 rule applies for fetuses ≥32 weeks.
6. Early decelerations are caused by:
A. Cord compression
B. Uteroplacental insufficiency
C. Fetal head compression
D. Maternal hypotension
Head compression stimulates the vagus nerve, causing gradual decelerations.
7. Variable decelerations are most commonly due to:
A. Head compression
B. Umbilical cord compression
C. Placental insufficiency
D. Maternal fever
Cord compression leads to abrupt decreases in FHR.
8. Late decelerations indicate:
A. Cord compression
B. Uteroplacental insufficiency
C. Fetal sleep
D. Maternal position change
Late decels reflect decreased oxygen transfer from placenta.
, 9. Category I tracing includes:
A. Absent variability
B. Recurrent late decelerations
C. Moderate variability and no late or variable decelerations
D. Sinusoidal pattern
Category I is normal and predictive of normal fetal acid-base status.
10. Category III tracing requires:
A. Observation only
B. Oral hydration
C. Immediate evaluation and intervention
D. Routine documentation
Category III is abnormal and associated with fetal hypoxia.
11. Tachycardia is defined as baseline FHR:
A. >150 bpm
B. >160 bpm
C. >170 bpm
D. >180 bpm
Persistent FHR above 160 bpm is tachycardia.
12. Fetal bradycardia is baseline:
A. <120 bpm
B. <100 bpm
C. <110 bpm
D. <90 bpm
Baseline below 110 bpm is considered bradycardia.
13. Marked variability is:
A. 0–5 bpm
B. 6–15 bpm
C. 6–25 bpm
D. >25 bpm
Marked variability may be transient but can indicate fetal stress if persistent.
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A |
Instant Download Pdf
1. The baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) is defined as the mean FHR during a 10-
minute segment, excluding:
A. Accelerations
B. Decelerations
C. Periods of marked variability
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Baseline excludes accelerations, decelerations, and marked variability to reflect
the true resting heart rate.
2. Normal baseline FHR is:
A. 90–130 bpm
B. 110–160 bpm
C. 120–180 bpm
D. 100–170 bpm
The normal range for term fetuses is 110–160 bpm.
3. Moderate variability is defined as amplitude fluctuations of:
A. 0–5 bpm
B. 3–10 bpm
C. 6–25 bpm
D. >25 bpm
Moderate variability indicates a well-oxygenated fetus with intact neurologic
function.
4. Absent variability is associated with:
A. Fetal well-being
B. Fetal hypoxia or acidosis
,C. Maternal hypertension
D. Normal sleep cycle
Absent variability may indicate fetal compromise unless explained by
medications or sleep.
5. A fetal acceleration at ≥32 weeks is:
A. 10 bpm for 10 seconds
B. 10 bpm for 15 seconds
C. 15 bpm above baseline lasting 15 seconds
D. 20 bpm for 20 seconds
The 15x15 rule applies for fetuses ≥32 weeks.
6. Early decelerations are caused by:
A. Cord compression
B. Uteroplacental insufficiency
C. Fetal head compression
D. Maternal hypotension
Head compression stimulates the vagus nerve, causing gradual decelerations.
7. Variable decelerations are most commonly due to:
A. Head compression
B. Umbilical cord compression
C. Placental insufficiency
D. Maternal fever
Cord compression leads to abrupt decreases in FHR.
8. Late decelerations indicate:
A. Cord compression
B. Uteroplacental insufficiency
C. Fetal sleep
D. Maternal position change
Late decels reflect decreased oxygen transfer from placenta.
, 9. Category I tracing includes:
A. Absent variability
B. Recurrent late decelerations
C. Moderate variability and no late or variable decelerations
D. Sinusoidal pattern
Category I is normal and predictive of normal fetal acid-base status.
10. Category III tracing requires:
A. Observation only
B. Oral hydration
C. Immediate evaluation and intervention
D. Routine documentation
Category III is abnormal and associated with fetal hypoxia.
11. Tachycardia is defined as baseline FHR:
A. >150 bpm
B. >160 bpm
C. >170 bpm
D. >180 bpm
Persistent FHR above 160 bpm is tachycardia.
12. Fetal bradycardia is baseline:
A. <120 bpm
B. <100 bpm
C. <110 bpm
D. <90 bpm
Baseline below 110 bpm is considered bradycardia.
13. Marked variability is:
A. 0–5 bpm
B. 6–15 bpm
C. 6–25 bpm
D. >25 bpm
Marked variability may be transient but can indicate fetal stress if persistent.
