Nutrition Exam 1 Latest and Revised
Edition: Nutritional Principles in
Nursing
1. What are the six essential nutrients? - ANSWER carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
2. What are the macronutrients? - ANSWER Need in large quantities: Carbs,
proteins, lipids, water
3. What are the micronutrients? - ANSWER Important, but less frequent:
Vitamins, minerals
4. Which nutrients provide energy? - ANSWER Carbs, Lipids, Proteins
5. Which nutrients promote growth and development? - ANSWER Proteins,
lipids, some vitamins, some minerals, water
6. What elements are carbohydrates composed of? - ANSWER carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen
7. What are the main foods we get carbs from? - ANSWER fruits, vegetables,
grains
8. What are the 2 main types of carbohydrates? - ANSWER simple and
complex
,9. Simple carbs: - ANSWER sugars
Example: glucose
10.Complex carbs: - ANSWER polysaccharides in food, glycogen in our bodies
Examples of complex carbs: fiber, starch, glycogen
11.Are lipids soluble in water? - ANSWER NO!--but soluble in organic
solvents (like ethanol)
12.What elemts are lipids made up of? - ANSWER carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
13.What are triglycerides? - ANSWER major form of fat in food and major
form of energy storage in our bodies
14.What are the 2 types of lipids? - ANSWER saturated, unsaturated fatty acids
15.Which is healthier: saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER
unsaturated--saturated fatty acids raise blood pressure
16.What are 2 important types of unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER linoleic
acid and alpha-linolenic acid (ESSENTIAL! roles are to be structural units
of cell walls and help regulate blood pressure and nerve transmissions. can
get supply from vegetable oil or fish oil)
, 17.What are trans fatty acids? - ANSWER bad for health--have been processed
to change their structure from -cis end to -trans end
18.What are the functions of lipids? - ANSWER provide 9 kcal of energy,
energy storage, hormone synthesis, membrane
19.What elements are proteins composed of? - ANSWER carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen
20.What are the functions of proteins? - ANSWER provide 4 kcal of energy,
blood transport, enzymes, muscle, cell signaling
21.There are 20 amino acids--how many of them are essential? - ANSWER 9
22.What are the two types of vitamins? - ANSWER water-soluble, fat soluble
23.Which vitamins are water soluble? - ANSWER C & B
24.Characteristics of water soluble vitamins? - ANSWER more easily excreted
from the body (thru urine), easily destroyed by cooking
25.Which vitamins are fat soluble? - ANSWER A, D, E, K
26.Characteristics of fat soluble vitamins? - ANSWER more easily stored in the
body, greater risk for toxicity
27.What is the function of vitamins? - ANSWER to enable chemical reactions
Edition: Nutritional Principles in
Nursing
1. What are the six essential nutrients? - ANSWER carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
2. What are the macronutrients? - ANSWER Need in large quantities: Carbs,
proteins, lipids, water
3. What are the micronutrients? - ANSWER Important, but less frequent:
Vitamins, minerals
4. Which nutrients provide energy? - ANSWER Carbs, Lipids, Proteins
5. Which nutrients promote growth and development? - ANSWER Proteins,
lipids, some vitamins, some minerals, water
6. What elements are carbohydrates composed of? - ANSWER carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen
7. What are the main foods we get carbs from? - ANSWER fruits, vegetables,
grains
8. What are the 2 main types of carbohydrates? - ANSWER simple and
complex
,9. Simple carbs: - ANSWER sugars
Example: glucose
10.Complex carbs: - ANSWER polysaccharides in food, glycogen in our bodies
Examples of complex carbs: fiber, starch, glycogen
11.Are lipids soluble in water? - ANSWER NO!--but soluble in organic
solvents (like ethanol)
12.What elemts are lipids made up of? - ANSWER carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
13.What are triglycerides? - ANSWER major form of fat in food and major
form of energy storage in our bodies
14.What are the 2 types of lipids? - ANSWER saturated, unsaturated fatty acids
15.Which is healthier: saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER
unsaturated--saturated fatty acids raise blood pressure
16.What are 2 important types of unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER linoleic
acid and alpha-linolenic acid (ESSENTIAL! roles are to be structural units
of cell walls and help regulate blood pressure and nerve transmissions. can
get supply from vegetable oil or fish oil)
, 17.What are trans fatty acids? - ANSWER bad for health--have been processed
to change their structure from -cis end to -trans end
18.What are the functions of lipids? - ANSWER provide 9 kcal of energy,
energy storage, hormone synthesis, membrane
19.What elements are proteins composed of? - ANSWER carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen
20.What are the functions of proteins? - ANSWER provide 4 kcal of energy,
blood transport, enzymes, muscle, cell signaling
21.There are 20 amino acids--how many of them are essential? - ANSWER 9
22.What are the two types of vitamins? - ANSWER water-soluble, fat soluble
23.Which vitamins are water soluble? - ANSWER C & B
24.Characteristics of water soluble vitamins? - ANSWER more easily excreted
from the body (thru urine), easily destroyed by cooking
25.Which vitamins are fat soluble? - ANSWER A, D, E, K
26.Characteristics of fat soluble vitamins? - ANSWER more easily stored in the
body, greater risk for toxicity
27.What is the function of vitamins? - ANSWER to enable chemical reactions
