5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
List cthe croles cplants cplay cin ca chealthy caquatic cecosystem. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-producing coxygen c
-preventing cshoreline cerosion
-lessening cexcess cnutrients cduring cgrowing cseason
-stabilizing clake cbottom
-providing cfood cand chabitat cfor cfish, cwaterfowl, cand cother caquatic canimals
List cways cthat cexcessive cplant cgrowth ccan cadversely caffect cthe cecology cand cuses cof ca cwater cbody. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
harm cecology cof caquatic cecosystem
-curtail cor cprevent crecreational cwater cuses c(e.g. cfishing, cboating, cswimming)
-impart ctastes cor codors cto cdrinking cwater
-hamper cwater ctreatment coperations
-adversely caffect caesthetics, cresort ctrade, cand cwaterfront cproperty cvalues
-produce ctoxins cthat charm canimals cdrinking cthe cwater
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cEmergent caquatic cplants c-
cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: crooted cin cshallow cwater, cmost cgrowth cabove cwater
-*means cof cdispersal*: cunderground croot csystems
-*potential cproblems*: cvery cdense cand cmay cexclude crecreational cpursuits clike cboating, cfishing, cand cswimming. cPurple
cloosestrife cis can cexample cof ca cproblem cspecies.
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cSubmergent caquatic cplants
c(both cpondweeds cand cplants cwith cwhorled cleaves) c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: cgrow cmostly cunder cwater csurface,
cpondweeds csometimes chave cfloating cleaves cin caddition cto ctheir csubmerged cleaves; cwhorled-leaf cplants cgrow cunderwater
cwith cwhorled cleaf cattachments
-*means cof cdispersal*: cpondweeds chave cextensive croot csystems, crunners, cand ccan calso creproduce cfrom cseeds; cplants cwith
cwhorled cleaves ccan cdisperse cwhen cuprooted cby cbreaking cfree cand cgetting cmoved cby cthe cwind
-*potential cproblems*: cmost cpondweeds cnot cnuisance cexcept cfor ccurlyleaf cpondweed cand csometimes csago cpondweed;
cwhorled cleaf cplants ccan cuproot cand cbreak cfree ceasily cand cdrift cwith cwind cto cclutter cshoreline; cEurasian cwatermilfoil cis can
caggressive cnon-native cthat ccan caffect chabitat cand crestrict crecreation. cRaking cis crequired cto cremove cthese cclutters.
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cFree-floating cand crooted
cfloating-leaved caquatic cplants c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: coccur con cwater csurface cand ccan cbe cfree-floating cor
crooted cwith clarge cfloating cleaves
-*means cof cdispersal*: cfree cfloating cplants care ceasily cwindblown. crooted cones cnot cso cmuch
-*potential cproblems*: cfree-floating cplants caccumulate con cshorelines cand care cdifficult cto ccontrol cin clarge cwaterbodies; crooted
cplants care crarely ca cnuisance.
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cFree-floating, cfilamentous,
cand c"rooted" calgae c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: cfound cfree-floating c(planktonic) cor cattached cto csubmerged
csurfaces c(filamentous cor c"rooted"). c
-*means cof cdispersal*: cmultiply crapidly cin cwarm cweather; c
-*potential cproblems*: cfree-floating calgae cresponsible cfor cmany cnuisance calgal cblooms c(release ctoxin, clow cDO, cblue-green
calgae); cremoving crooted calgae ccan callow cworse cspecies cto ccome cin cso cdon't cmess cwith cthem.
List cthe cadvantages cand cdisadvantages cof cchemical ccontrol cof caquatic cplants cand calgae c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔*Advantages*:
-offer clonger-lasting ccontrol cthan csome cmechanical cmethods
-less cphysical clabor
-ultimately ccost cless
-important ctool cfor cspecific cnuisance cplants/algae csuch cas cEurasian cwatermilfoil cand cpurple cloosestrife
*Disadvantages*:
-restrictions con cwater cuse
-oxygen cdepletion cand cfish ckills
,-sudden cnutrient crelease cinto cwater ccan clead cto cother cplant cor calgae cproblems
-risk cto cpeople cand cnontarget corganisms
Describe cthe cbeneficial croles cof cWisconsin's cfish cpopulations. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-maintain cbalanced ccommunities cby
cfeeding con caquatic cplants, cinsects, cand cother cfish c& cprovide ca cfood csource cfor cnatural cpredators
-fishing cfor cfood/sport cis cpopular cin cWI cand cddepends con chealthy cpopulations
-fish cfarms cand chatcheries craise cfish cfor cfood, cfeed, cfertilizer, cbait, cand cto crelease
List c5 ctypes cof csituations cin cwhich cfish ccontrol cmay cbe cwarranted c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-eliminating cundesirable cor
ccompeting cfish cfrom cfish crearing cponds
-removing cexotic cand cother cundesirable cspecies cfrom ca cwaterbody
-thinning cstunted cfish cto cbring ca cpopulation cinto cbalance
-eliminating cfish cfrom ca chatchery cwater csupply cto cprevent ca cpotential creservoir cof cdisease-causing corganisms
-treating cfish cspawning csites cto cprevent coverpopulation cof can cindividual cspecies
Explain cwhy cpost-treatment cmanagement ccan cbe cimportant cin cthe clong-term csuccess cof ca cpesticide ctreatment cproject. c-
cCORRECT cANS✔✔-because cwhen cfish cpopulations care clowered, cdensity-dependent cpopulation cgrowth callows cthe
cpopulation cto crebound cif cnot cmanaged cpost-treatment
Know cthe cLaw: cWho cdo cyou cneed cto cget capproval cfrom cto cconduct cany cchemical ctreatment cfor cfish ccontrol? c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔WI cDNR cAquatic cPlant cManagement cProgram
List cthe c2 cmain creasons cwhy cmosquito ccontrol cmay cbe cwarranted. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-nuisance
-disease
Describe cthe c4 cstages cof cthe cmosquito clife ccycle, cincluding cthe cmain cstructural cfeatures cof ceach c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
*egg*: claid cin cwater, chatch cin c~3 cdays, csome claid con cdry cland cand chatch cwhen cflooded
-*larva*: c"wiggler", c4 cinstars cwith cmolting cin cbetween ceach, cfilterers, cair ctube cto cbreath cfrom csurface
-*pupa*: ccomma cshaped, cnon-feeding, clasts ca cfew cdays, ccontain crespiratory ctrumpets, c"tumblers"
-*adult*: c1 cpair cwings, celongated cprobiscis, cpair cof cantennae, cmales chave cbushy cantennae cwhile cfemales chave cshort cand
csparse cantennae
List cthe ctypes cof cinfo cyou cneed cabout ca cmosquito cspecies cbefore cyou ccan cdevelop can ceffective cprogram cto ccontrol cit. c-
cCORRECT cANS✔✔-the ctypes cand clocations cof cbreeding csites
-# cof cgenerations cper cyear
-host cpreference cof cthe cfemales c(what canimals cthey cprefer cto cget cblood cfrom)
-seasonal cpopulation clevels cand chow crainfall caffects cthem
-their cflight crange
-common cresting careas
-whether cthe cspecies ccan ctransmit cpathogens cthat cmay cbe cpresent cin cyour carea
-whether cthe cmosquitoes ccarry cpathogens cthat care cpresent cin cwildlife cpopulations
Describe cthe chabits cof cAedes ctriseriatus, cAedes cvexans, cand cCulex cpipiens cspecies cof cmosquitoes. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
*Aedes ctriseriatus*: ctree-hole cmosquito; cbreeds cin cold ctires, ctin ccans, cbarrels, ctree choles cand cstumps; cseveral cgenerations
cper cyear; cmain cvector cof cLa cCrosse cencephalitis
-*Aedes cvexans*: cmost ccommon cpest cspecies cin cstate cfrom clate cspring-late cfall; c"inland cfloodwater cmosquito"; clarvae cin
croadside cpuddles, cwoodland cpools, ctemporary cpools, cand criver cbottoms; ccontinuous cbreeding cin cwet cyears; csurvives cwinter
cand cdry cperiods cin cegg cstage; cadults cmigrate c15-20 cmiles cor cmore cfrom cbreeding csites cand ccan clive cfor c3-4 cweeks; ceggs
cdormant cfor cup cto c5 cyears cbefore cflooding cprompts chatching
-*Culex cpipiens*: cbreed cin ctemporary cor cpermanent cpools cthat care chigh cin cOM clike cditches cor csewage clagoons; cfemales clay
ceggs cin crafts cand ceggs chatch cquickly; cresponsible cfor cSt. cLouis cencephalitis cand cWest cNile cVirus.
-Both cAedes ctriseriatus cand cCulex cpipiens cbreed cin c"backyard csites" clike cbird cbaths, cponds, ctree choles, cbuckets, ctires, cand
crain cbarrels.
List cthe c3 cmain cmosquito-transmitted cdiseases cthat coccur cin cWI cand cknow cthe cmosquito cvector cfor ceach. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔-*La cCrosse cEncephalitis*: cAedes ctriseriatus c
-*West cNile cVirus*: cCulex cpipiens
-*Dog cHeartworm*: cAedes cvexans
Define cthe cword cpesticide cand cexplain chow cthe cword cdiffers cfrom cspecific ctypes cof cpesticides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
*Pesticide*: cany csubstance cused cto cdirectly ccontrol cpest cpopulations cor cto cprevent cor creduce cpest cdamage
-'pesticide' cis cbroad cand crefers cto cthe ckilling cof cany cpests. cinsecticide, cfungicide, cand cherbicide care cspecific.
Discuss cand cexplain csome cof cthe cgeneral ccharacteristics cof cpesticides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Mode cof cAction*: cthe cway ca
cchemical ckills cor charms ctarget cpest; cclasses cof cpesticides coften chave csame cMOA; cswitching cup cMOAs cin ctreating cpests
creduces cpest cresistance cto cpesticide
-*Selectivity*: cbroad cvs. cnarrow-spectrum; cbroad cspectrum ckills cseveral cdifferent cpest ctypes cwith csufficient cdose; cnarrow
cspectrum ckill conly cfew crelated cpests cwhile cnot charming cothers cand cmay ccontrol conly ccertain cspecies cor clife cstages.
-*Persistence*: chow clong cthey cremain cactive cto ccontrol cpests; cResidual cpesticides ccontrol cfor cweeks/months/yrs
-*Contact cvs. cSystemic*: csystemic care cabsorbed cand ctranslocated/transported cwithin ca cplant/animal; ccontact cmust cdirectly
ctouch cpest cor ca csite cthat cthe cpest cfrequents
Contrast cthe cdifference cbetween corganic, cinorganic cand cmicrobial cpesticides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*organic*: cmost
cpesticides care cthis; cmost care csynthetic; cextremely ceffective; cspecific; cprincipal cfocus cof chealth/envtl cconcerns; ccommonly
cassociated cwith cproblems cof cpesticide cuse/misuse
, -*inorganic*: cderived cfrom cminerals; csilica caerogel, cboric cacid, cborates, cdiatomaceous cearth, ccopper, csulfur; csome chave cbeen
cbanned cfor chealth/envtl cconcerns; cused cmainly cfor cplant cdiseases cand calgicides; cnon-specific cand cless ceffective cthan
corganics
-*microbial*: ccause cdisease cin cpests; cBt cproducts c(Bacillus cthuringiensis); cag cand chome cgardens; cone ceffective cagainst
cmosquito clarvae; chigh clevel cof ccontrol cmay cbe cpossible; chighly cspecific, charmless cto cother cspecies
Explain cthe cdifference cbetween cthe cdifferent ctypes cof cpesticide cnames. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Active cIngredient*: cthe cpart cof
cproduct cthat chas cpesticide cactivity
-*Trade cNames*: cname cgiven cto ccommercial cformulation cof cactive cingredient; c"brand"; csometimes csame cas ccommon
-*Common cNames*: cactive cingredients calso chave ccommon cname; cappear con clabel con csame cline cwith cor cjust cbefore
cchemical cname
-*Chemical cNames*: cactive cingredient cgiven cchemical cname; clong, chard cto cpronounce
-common cand cchemical cname calways crefer cto cspecific cactive cingredient cand cdon't cchange cwith cbrands.
Outline cthe ccharacteristics cof cthe cinsecticide cgroups cdiscussed cin cthis cchapter. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-_*Synthetic cOrganic
cInsecticides*_: cmost cwidely cused; c1)_organophosphates_ c(widely cused, cbroad cspectrum, cnon-residual, cdon't caccumulate cin
cnon-target corgs) c2)_pyrethroids_ c(synthetic, clow ctoxicity cto cmammals, cexcept ccats, cpermethrin, cresidual cactivity, ceffective cat
clower ctemps) c3)_neonicotinoids_ c(highly cactive, clow ctoxicity cagainst cmammals, cinterfere cw cnervous csystem)
-_*Botanicals*_: crotenone, climonene, clinalool, cpyrethrins cand coils c(clove cand cmint); cnonpersistent, ctoxic cto chumans; cnot cused
cas cmuch
-_*Oils*_: csurface cfilms con cwater cprevent clarvae cfrom cgetting coxygen; cor creduce csurface ctension cso cthey cdrown
-_*Insect cGrowth cRegulators c(IGRs)*_: csynthetic, cmimic chormone cactivity, cdon't cdirectly ckill, capply cto cbreeding careas,
cmethoprene; cmoderate cspecificity, cminimal crisks cto cnontarget, cless cinsect cresistance
-_*Microbial cInsecticides*_: cpathogens, cBacillus cthuringiensis cisraeliensis c(Bti) capplied cto cwater cbreeding csites; cselective; ckills
cwithin c12 chours; cB. csphaericus chas cresidual ccontrol cbecause cit creproduces.
Describe cthe cevents cnecessary cfor can cherbicide cto ckill ca cplant. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-must cbe cabsorbed cinto cplant, ceither
cthrough cleaves, cstems, cor croots
-if cneeded, cmust cbe ctranslocated cto csensitive cpart cof cplant cAND
-must cblock can cimportant cprocess cin cplant c(i.e. cPSN)
Explain cthe cdifference cbetween ccontact cand csystemic cherbicides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Contact*: cdon't cmove cwithin cplant,
conly ckill cparts cthey ctouch; csymptoms coccur cquickly; cherbicide cdoesn't cpersist cfor clong cin ctreated cwater; cbroad cspectrum
-*Systemic*: cabsorbed cthru cleaves/roots cand ctranslocated; cflow cto cgrowing cpoints cof cstems/roots, ckilling cperennial cweeds;
csymptoms coccur cslowly; clonger ccontrol cespecially con cperennial cplants; cglyphosate, c2,4-D cbispyribac-sodium, cetc.
Compare cthe cuses cof ccontact cand csystemic cherbicides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Contact*: ccontrol cfloating/submersed caquatic
cweeds/algae; coften cmust crepeat capplications cduring cgrowing cseason cto cmaintain ccontrol
-*Systemic*: cmore ceffective cagainst crooted caquatic cplants, cespecially cperennials
Explain cthe cterm c"Contact cExposure cTime" cand cit's cimportance cfor caquatic cweed ccontrol. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-the camount
cof ctime cneeded cto cbe ceffective
-flowing cwater ccan cdilute cherbicide, creducing camount cof cpesticide ccontacting cthe ctarget cplant; cthis ccan ccause ctreatment cto
cfail
-contact cherbicide cfor cflowing cwater
-systemic cfor cstagnant cwater
Describe cthe ctypes cof cpiscicides cused cto ccontrol cfish cpopulations. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Botanicals*: crotenone cor ccube;
ctoxic cchemical; cconstrict cgill ccapillaries cto csuffocate cfish; crotenone cis cthe conly cavailable cchemical cfor cnon-govtl cuse
-*Lampricide*: csea clamprey; cTFM cand cBayluscide; ccan conly cbe cbought/used cby cstate/federal cemployees
Define cthe cterm c"formulation" cand cdescribe cthe cfunction cof cinert cingredients. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-formulation cis ca ccombo
cof cactive cand cinert cingredients cthat cforms can cend-use cproduct
-inert cingredients care cthose cadded cto cformulations cthat chave cno cpesticidal cactivity
-*inert cingredient cfunctions c(can cbe cany cone cof cthese)*: cto cdilute; cact cas ca ccarrier c(such cas can corganic csolvent cor cmineral
cclay); chelp cit cbe cmore ceffective c(stickers cand cspreaders); cor cto cstabilize, cdye, cor cimprove/enhance cpesticidal cactivity;
cincrease cstorage cstability cor cothers.
Explain cwhy cpesticides care cformulated cfor cend cuse. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔
Summarize cthe cadvantages cand cdisadvantages cof cthe ctypes cof cformulation cdiscussed cin cthis cchapter. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔-*Emulsifiable cConcentrates c(EC)*: cAdvs: ceasy cto chandle, ctransport, cstore, cpour, cand cmeasure; clittle cagitation
cneeded; cnot cabrasive cand cwon't cplug cscreens cor cnozzles; cleaves clittle cvisible cresidue con ctreated csurfaces c... cDisadvs: chigh
cconcentration cof cactive cingredients cmakes cit ceasy cto cover/underdose; ccan cdamage ctreated csurfaces; ceasily cabsorbed cby
cskin; cspills chard cto cclean cup; cstrong codor; ccorrosive cto capplication cequipment; ccause cpitting/discoloration cof cpainted cfinishes
cor ctreated csurfaces; cflammable
-*Wettable cPowders c(WP)*: cAdvs: ceasy cto cstore, ctransport, cand chandle; cless clikely cthan cEC/petroleum-based cformulations cto
charm ctreated cplants, canimals, cand csurfaces; cnot cphytotoxic; cless crisk cof cskin/eye cabsorption c... cDisadvs: cmust cbe cweighed;
chard cto cmix; cinhalation crisk; cgood cand cconstant cagitation crequired cin cspray ctank cto cmaintain csuspension; cabrasive cto
cpumps/nozzles; cdifficult cto cmix cin cvery chard cor calkaline cwater; ccan cclog cnozzles/screens; cresidues cvisible con ctreated
csurfaces
-*Flowables c(F cor cAF)*: cAdvs: ceasy cto chandle/apply; clow cexposure crisk; cusually cnot cphytotoxic; cseldom cclog cnozzles;
csplashes cless clikely cthan cother cliquids c... cDisadvs: cneed cto cshake cbefore cmeasuring cand cmixing; ccontainers cdifficult cto
crinse; cmoderate cagitation crequired; cmay cbe cabrasive cto capplication cequipment; cmay cleave cvisible cresidue con ctreated
csurfaces
CORRECT ANSWERS
List cthe croles cplants cplay cin ca chealthy caquatic cecosystem. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-producing coxygen c
-preventing cshoreline cerosion
-lessening cexcess cnutrients cduring cgrowing cseason
-stabilizing clake cbottom
-providing cfood cand chabitat cfor cfish, cwaterfowl, cand cother caquatic canimals
List cways cthat cexcessive cplant cgrowth ccan cadversely caffect cthe cecology cand cuses cof ca cwater cbody. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
harm cecology cof caquatic cecosystem
-curtail cor cprevent crecreational cwater cuses c(e.g. cfishing, cboating, cswimming)
-impart ctastes cor codors cto cdrinking cwater
-hamper cwater ctreatment coperations
-adversely caffect caesthetics, cresort ctrade, cand cwaterfront cproperty cvalues
-produce ctoxins cthat charm canimals cdrinking cthe cwater
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cEmergent caquatic cplants c-
cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: crooted cin cshallow cwater, cmost cgrowth cabove cwater
-*means cof cdispersal*: cunderground croot csystems
-*potential cproblems*: cvery cdense cand cmay cexclude crecreational cpursuits clike cboating, cfishing, cand cswimming. cPurple
cloosestrife cis can cexample cof ca cproblem cspecies.
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cSubmergent caquatic cplants
c(both cpondweeds cand cplants cwith cwhorled cleaves) c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: cgrow cmostly cunder cwater csurface,
cpondweeds csometimes chave cfloating cleaves cin caddition cto ctheir csubmerged cleaves; cwhorled-leaf cplants cgrow cunderwater
cwith cwhorled cleaf cattachments
-*means cof cdispersal*: cpondweeds chave cextensive croot csystems, crunners, cand ccan calso creproduce cfrom cseeds; cplants cwith
cwhorled cleaves ccan cdisperse cwhen cuprooted cby cbreaking cfree cand cgetting cmoved cby cthe cwind
-*potential cproblems*: cmost cpondweeds cnot cnuisance cexcept cfor ccurlyleaf cpondweed cand csometimes csago cpondweed;
cwhorled cleaf cplants ccan cuproot cand cbreak cfree ceasily cand cdrift cwith cwind cto cclutter cshoreline; cEurasian cwatermilfoil cis can
caggressive cnon-native cthat ccan caffect chabitat cand crestrict crecreation. cRaking cis crequired cto cremove cthese cclutters.
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cFree-floating cand crooted
cfloating-leaved caquatic cplants c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: coccur con cwater csurface cand ccan cbe cfree-floating cor
crooted cwith clarge cfloating cleaves
-*means cof cdispersal*: cfree cfloating cplants care ceasily cwindblown. crooted cones cnot cso cmuch
-*potential cproblems*: cfree-floating cplants caccumulate con cshorelines cand care cdifficult cto ccontrol cin clarge cwaterbodies; crooted
cplants care crarely ca cnuisance.
Describe cthe cgeneral cgrowth chabits cof, cmeans cof cdispersal cand cpotential cproblems ccaused cby: cFree-floating, cfilamentous,
cand c"rooted" calgae c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*growth chabits*: cfound cfree-floating c(planktonic) cor cattached cto csubmerged
csurfaces c(filamentous cor c"rooted"). c
-*means cof cdispersal*: cmultiply crapidly cin cwarm cweather; c
-*potential cproblems*: cfree-floating calgae cresponsible cfor cmany cnuisance calgal cblooms c(release ctoxin, clow cDO, cblue-green
calgae); cremoving crooted calgae ccan callow cworse cspecies cto ccome cin cso cdon't cmess cwith cthem.
List cthe cadvantages cand cdisadvantages cof cchemical ccontrol cof caquatic cplants cand calgae c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔*Advantages*:
-offer clonger-lasting ccontrol cthan csome cmechanical cmethods
-less cphysical clabor
-ultimately ccost cless
-important ctool cfor cspecific cnuisance cplants/algae csuch cas cEurasian cwatermilfoil cand cpurple cloosestrife
*Disadvantages*:
-restrictions con cwater cuse
-oxygen cdepletion cand cfish ckills
,-sudden cnutrient crelease cinto cwater ccan clead cto cother cplant cor calgae cproblems
-risk cto cpeople cand cnontarget corganisms
Describe cthe cbeneficial croles cof cWisconsin's cfish cpopulations. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-maintain cbalanced ccommunities cby
cfeeding con caquatic cplants, cinsects, cand cother cfish c& cprovide ca cfood csource cfor cnatural cpredators
-fishing cfor cfood/sport cis cpopular cin cWI cand cddepends con chealthy cpopulations
-fish cfarms cand chatcheries craise cfish cfor cfood, cfeed, cfertilizer, cbait, cand cto crelease
List c5 ctypes cof csituations cin cwhich cfish ccontrol cmay cbe cwarranted c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-eliminating cundesirable cor
ccompeting cfish cfrom cfish crearing cponds
-removing cexotic cand cother cundesirable cspecies cfrom ca cwaterbody
-thinning cstunted cfish cto cbring ca cpopulation cinto cbalance
-eliminating cfish cfrom ca chatchery cwater csupply cto cprevent ca cpotential creservoir cof cdisease-causing corganisms
-treating cfish cspawning csites cto cprevent coverpopulation cof can cindividual cspecies
Explain cwhy cpost-treatment cmanagement ccan cbe cimportant cin cthe clong-term csuccess cof ca cpesticide ctreatment cproject. c-
cCORRECT cANS✔✔-because cwhen cfish cpopulations care clowered, cdensity-dependent cpopulation cgrowth callows cthe
cpopulation cto crebound cif cnot cmanaged cpost-treatment
Know cthe cLaw: cWho cdo cyou cneed cto cget capproval cfrom cto cconduct cany cchemical ctreatment cfor cfish ccontrol? c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔WI cDNR cAquatic cPlant cManagement cProgram
List cthe c2 cmain creasons cwhy cmosquito ccontrol cmay cbe cwarranted. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-nuisance
-disease
Describe cthe c4 cstages cof cthe cmosquito clife ccycle, cincluding cthe cmain cstructural cfeatures cof ceach c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
*egg*: claid cin cwater, chatch cin c~3 cdays, csome claid con cdry cland cand chatch cwhen cflooded
-*larva*: c"wiggler", c4 cinstars cwith cmolting cin cbetween ceach, cfilterers, cair ctube cto cbreath cfrom csurface
-*pupa*: ccomma cshaped, cnon-feeding, clasts ca cfew cdays, ccontain crespiratory ctrumpets, c"tumblers"
-*adult*: c1 cpair cwings, celongated cprobiscis, cpair cof cantennae, cmales chave cbushy cantennae cwhile cfemales chave cshort cand
csparse cantennae
List cthe ctypes cof cinfo cyou cneed cabout ca cmosquito cspecies cbefore cyou ccan cdevelop can ceffective cprogram cto ccontrol cit. c-
cCORRECT cANS✔✔-the ctypes cand clocations cof cbreeding csites
-# cof cgenerations cper cyear
-host cpreference cof cthe cfemales c(what canimals cthey cprefer cto cget cblood cfrom)
-seasonal cpopulation clevels cand chow crainfall caffects cthem
-their cflight crange
-common cresting careas
-whether cthe cspecies ccan ctransmit cpathogens cthat cmay cbe cpresent cin cyour carea
-whether cthe cmosquitoes ccarry cpathogens cthat care cpresent cin cwildlife cpopulations
Describe cthe chabits cof cAedes ctriseriatus, cAedes cvexans, cand cCulex cpipiens cspecies cof cmosquitoes. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
*Aedes ctriseriatus*: ctree-hole cmosquito; cbreeds cin cold ctires, ctin ccans, cbarrels, ctree choles cand cstumps; cseveral cgenerations
cper cyear; cmain cvector cof cLa cCrosse cencephalitis
-*Aedes cvexans*: cmost ccommon cpest cspecies cin cstate cfrom clate cspring-late cfall; c"inland cfloodwater cmosquito"; clarvae cin
croadside cpuddles, cwoodland cpools, ctemporary cpools, cand criver cbottoms; ccontinuous cbreeding cin cwet cyears; csurvives cwinter
cand cdry cperiods cin cegg cstage; cadults cmigrate c15-20 cmiles cor cmore cfrom cbreeding csites cand ccan clive cfor c3-4 cweeks; ceggs
cdormant cfor cup cto c5 cyears cbefore cflooding cprompts chatching
-*Culex cpipiens*: cbreed cin ctemporary cor cpermanent cpools cthat care chigh cin cOM clike cditches cor csewage clagoons; cfemales clay
ceggs cin crafts cand ceggs chatch cquickly; cresponsible cfor cSt. cLouis cencephalitis cand cWest cNile cVirus.
-Both cAedes ctriseriatus cand cCulex cpipiens cbreed cin c"backyard csites" clike cbird cbaths, cponds, ctree choles, cbuckets, ctires, cand
crain cbarrels.
List cthe c3 cmain cmosquito-transmitted cdiseases cthat coccur cin cWI cand cknow cthe cmosquito cvector cfor ceach. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔-*La cCrosse cEncephalitis*: cAedes ctriseriatus c
-*West cNile cVirus*: cCulex cpipiens
-*Dog cHeartworm*: cAedes cvexans
Define cthe cword cpesticide cand cexplain chow cthe cword cdiffers cfrom cspecific ctypes cof cpesticides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-
*Pesticide*: cany csubstance cused cto cdirectly ccontrol cpest cpopulations cor cto cprevent cor creduce cpest cdamage
-'pesticide' cis cbroad cand crefers cto cthe ckilling cof cany cpests. cinsecticide, cfungicide, cand cherbicide care cspecific.
Discuss cand cexplain csome cof cthe cgeneral ccharacteristics cof cpesticides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Mode cof cAction*: cthe cway ca
cchemical ckills cor charms ctarget cpest; cclasses cof cpesticides coften chave csame cMOA; cswitching cup cMOAs cin ctreating cpests
creduces cpest cresistance cto cpesticide
-*Selectivity*: cbroad cvs. cnarrow-spectrum; cbroad cspectrum ckills cseveral cdifferent cpest ctypes cwith csufficient cdose; cnarrow
cspectrum ckill conly cfew crelated cpests cwhile cnot charming cothers cand cmay ccontrol conly ccertain cspecies cor clife cstages.
-*Persistence*: chow clong cthey cremain cactive cto ccontrol cpests; cResidual cpesticides ccontrol cfor cweeks/months/yrs
-*Contact cvs. cSystemic*: csystemic care cabsorbed cand ctranslocated/transported cwithin ca cplant/animal; ccontact cmust cdirectly
ctouch cpest cor ca csite cthat cthe cpest cfrequents
Contrast cthe cdifference cbetween corganic, cinorganic cand cmicrobial cpesticides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*organic*: cmost
cpesticides care cthis; cmost care csynthetic; cextremely ceffective; cspecific; cprincipal cfocus cof chealth/envtl cconcerns; ccommonly
cassociated cwith cproblems cof cpesticide cuse/misuse
, -*inorganic*: cderived cfrom cminerals; csilica caerogel, cboric cacid, cborates, cdiatomaceous cearth, ccopper, csulfur; csome chave cbeen
cbanned cfor chealth/envtl cconcerns; cused cmainly cfor cplant cdiseases cand calgicides; cnon-specific cand cless ceffective cthan
corganics
-*microbial*: ccause cdisease cin cpests; cBt cproducts c(Bacillus cthuringiensis); cag cand chome cgardens; cone ceffective cagainst
cmosquito clarvae; chigh clevel cof ccontrol cmay cbe cpossible; chighly cspecific, charmless cto cother cspecies
Explain cthe cdifference cbetween cthe cdifferent ctypes cof cpesticide cnames. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Active cIngredient*: cthe cpart cof
cproduct cthat chas cpesticide cactivity
-*Trade cNames*: cname cgiven cto ccommercial cformulation cof cactive cingredient; c"brand"; csometimes csame cas ccommon
-*Common cNames*: cactive cingredients calso chave ccommon cname; cappear con clabel con csame cline cwith cor cjust cbefore
cchemical cname
-*Chemical cNames*: cactive cingredient cgiven cchemical cname; clong, chard cto cpronounce
-common cand cchemical cname calways crefer cto cspecific cactive cingredient cand cdon't cchange cwith cbrands.
Outline cthe ccharacteristics cof cthe cinsecticide cgroups cdiscussed cin cthis cchapter. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-_*Synthetic cOrganic
cInsecticides*_: cmost cwidely cused; c1)_organophosphates_ c(widely cused, cbroad cspectrum, cnon-residual, cdon't caccumulate cin
cnon-target corgs) c2)_pyrethroids_ c(synthetic, clow ctoxicity cto cmammals, cexcept ccats, cpermethrin, cresidual cactivity, ceffective cat
clower ctemps) c3)_neonicotinoids_ c(highly cactive, clow ctoxicity cagainst cmammals, cinterfere cw cnervous csystem)
-_*Botanicals*_: crotenone, climonene, clinalool, cpyrethrins cand coils c(clove cand cmint); cnonpersistent, ctoxic cto chumans; cnot cused
cas cmuch
-_*Oils*_: csurface cfilms con cwater cprevent clarvae cfrom cgetting coxygen; cor creduce csurface ctension cso cthey cdrown
-_*Insect cGrowth cRegulators c(IGRs)*_: csynthetic, cmimic chormone cactivity, cdon't cdirectly ckill, capply cto cbreeding careas,
cmethoprene; cmoderate cspecificity, cminimal crisks cto cnontarget, cless cinsect cresistance
-_*Microbial cInsecticides*_: cpathogens, cBacillus cthuringiensis cisraeliensis c(Bti) capplied cto cwater cbreeding csites; cselective; ckills
cwithin c12 chours; cB. csphaericus chas cresidual ccontrol cbecause cit creproduces.
Describe cthe cevents cnecessary cfor can cherbicide cto ckill ca cplant. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-must cbe cabsorbed cinto cplant, ceither
cthrough cleaves, cstems, cor croots
-if cneeded, cmust cbe ctranslocated cto csensitive cpart cof cplant cAND
-must cblock can cimportant cprocess cin cplant c(i.e. cPSN)
Explain cthe cdifference cbetween ccontact cand csystemic cherbicides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Contact*: cdon't cmove cwithin cplant,
conly ckill cparts cthey ctouch; csymptoms coccur cquickly; cherbicide cdoesn't cpersist cfor clong cin ctreated cwater; cbroad cspectrum
-*Systemic*: cabsorbed cthru cleaves/roots cand ctranslocated; cflow cto cgrowing cpoints cof cstems/roots, ckilling cperennial cweeds;
csymptoms coccur cslowly; clonger ccontrol cespecially con cperennial cplants; cglyphosate, c2,4-D cbispyribac-sodium, cetc.
Compare cthe cuses cof ccontact cand csystemic cherbicides. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Contact*: ccontrol cfloating/submersed caquatic
cweeds/algae; coften cmust crepeat capplications cduring cgrowing cseason cto cmaintain ccontrol
-*Systemic*: cmore ceffective cagainst crooted caquatic cplants, cespecially cperennials
Explain cthe cterm c"Contact cExposure cTime" cand cit's cimportance cfor caquatic cweed ccontrol. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-the camount
cof ctime cneeded cto cbe ceffective
-flowing cwater ccan cdilute cherbicide, creducing camount cof cpesticide ccontacting cthe ctarget cplant; cthis ccan ccause ctreatment cto
cfail
-contact cherbicide cfor cflowing cwater
-systemic cfor cstagnant cwater
Describe cthe ctypes cof cpiscicides cused cto ccontrol cfish cpopulations. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-*Botanicals*: crotenone cor ccube;
ctoxic cchemical; cconstrict cgill ccapillaries cto csuffocate cfish; crotenone cis cthe conly cavailable cchemical cfor cnon-govtl cuse
-*Lampricide*: csea clamprey; cTFM cand cBayluscide; ccan conly cbe cbought/used cby cstate/federal cemployees
Define cthe cterm c"formulation" cand cdescribe cthe cfunction cof cinert cingredients. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔-formulation cis ca ccombo
cof cactive cand cinert cingredients cthat cforms can cend-use cproduct
-inert cingredients care cthose cadded cto cformulations cthat chave cno cpesticidal cactivity
-*inert cingredient cfunctions c(can cbe cany cone cof cthese)*: cto cdilute; cact cas ca ccarrier c(such cas can corganic csolvent cor cmineral
cclay); chelp cit cbe cmore ceffective c(stickers cand cspreaders); cor cto cstabilize, cdye, cor cimprove/enhance cpesticidal cactivity;
cincrease cstorage cstability cor cothers.
Explain cwhy cpesticides care cformulated cfor cend cuse. c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔
Summarize cthe cadvantages cand cdisadvantages cof cthe ctypes cof cformulation cdiscussed cin cthis cchapter. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔-*Emulsifiable cConcentrates c(EC)*: cAdvs: ceasy cto chandle, ctransport, cstore, cpour, cand cmeasure; clittle cagitation
cneeded; cnot cabrasive cand cwon't cplug cscreens cor cnozzles; cleaves clittle cvisible cresidue con ctreated csurfaces c... cDisadvs: chigh
cconcentration cof cactive cingredients cmakes cit ceasy cto cover/underdose; ccan cdamage ctreated csurfaces; ceasily cabsorbed cby
cskin; cspills chard cto cclean cup; cstrong codor; ccorrosive cto capplication cequipment; ccause cpitting/discoloration cof cpainted cfinishes
cor ctreated csurfaces; cflammable
-*Wettable cPowders c(WP)*: cAdvs: ceasy cto cstore, ctransport, cand chandle; cless clikely cthan cEC/petroleum-based cformulations cto
charm ctreated cplants, canimals, cand csurfaces; cnot cphytotoxic; cless crisk cof cskin/eye cabsorption c... cDisadvs: cmust cbe cweighed;
chard cto cmix; cinhalation crisk; cgood cand cconstant cagitation crequired cin cspray ctank cto cmaintain csuspension; cabrasive cto
cpumps/nozzles; cdifficult cto cmix cin cvery chard cor calkaline cwater; ccan cclog cnozzles/screens; cresidues cvisible con ctreated
csurfaces
-*Flowables c(F cor cAF)*: cAdvs: ceasy cto chandle/apply; clow cexposure crisk; cusually cnot cphytotoxic; cseldom cclog cnozzles;
csplashes cless clikely cthan cother cliquids c... cDisadvs: cneed cto cshake cbefore cmeasuring cand cmixing; ccontainers cdifficult cto
crinse; cmoderate cagitation crequired; cmay cbe cabrasive cto capplication cequipment; cmay cleave cvisible cresidue con ctreated
csurfaces
