CMN 552 EXAM 330 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026
What is the difference between adjustment disorder with depressed mood and
major depression? - ANSWER-Adjustment disorder benefits from psychotherapy,
while major depression may require medication.
What is the duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of major depressive
disorder (MDD)? - ANSWER-Symptoms must occur every day for the last 2
weeks.
What are some symptoms of depression that must be present for MDD diagnosis? -
ANSWER-Depressed mood, diminished interest, significant weight loss, insomnia
or hypersomnia, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration, thoughts of
death or suicidal ideation.
What screening tool is commonly used to assess depression? - ANSWER-PHQ-9
What does SIGECAPS stand for in depression screening? - ANSWER-Sleep,
Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidality.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)? - ANSWER-A pattern of depression
occurring in winter with improvement in summer, often treated with light therapy.
What percentage of adolescents experience major depressive disorder (MDD) by
age 18? - ANSWER-Approximately 20%.
,What is the prevalence of MDD in girls compared to boys? - ANSWER-The
prevalence in girls is more than twice as high.
What are common coping mechanisms used by adolescents? - ANSWER-
Cognitive mastery, conformity, controlling behavior, fantasy, and motor activity.
What is the second leading cause of death among children and adolescents aged
10-14? - ANSWER-Suicide.
What are some warning signs of suicide in adolescents? - ANSWER-Increased
risk-taking, substance abuse, hopelessness, dramatic mood swings, preoccupation
with death.
What is the DIGFAST criteria used for? - ANSWER-To assess symptoms of
hypomania in Bipolar Disorder.
What does DIGFAST stand for? - ANSWER-Distractibility, Indiscretion,
Grandiosity, Flight of Ideas, Activity increase, Sleep deficit, Talkativeness.
What is the normal cortisol level in the DST test? - ANSWER-Less than 5 µg/dL.
What indicates adrenal cortisol insufficiency in the DST test? - ANSWER-Cortisol
levels less than 15 µg/dL.
What is the relationship between antidepressants and neonatal hypoglycemia? -
ANSWER-Antidepressants are associated with a higher risk of neonatal
hypoglycemia.
,What is the risk ratio for TCAs regarding neonatal hypoglycemia? - ANSWER-
2.07.
What are the two main types of mood disorders? - ANSWER-Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD).
What characterizes Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)? - ANSWER-Single or
recurrent episodes lasting at least two weeks affecting everyday function.
What characterizes Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)? - ANSWER-Milder
chronic symptoms lasting for years with little effect on everyday function.
What is the typical presentation of Bipolar Disorder? - ANSWER-Episodes of
mania and depression.
What is the significance of the term 'anhedonia' in depression? - ANSWER-It
refers to the loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
What is a common symptom of hypomania? - ANSWER-Increased energy and
decreased need for sleep.
What is the prevalence of depression in adolescents? - ANSWER-It increases with
age, with significant rates by age 18.
What are some cognitive/mood changes associated with suicidal ideation? -
ANSWER-Hopelessness, increased anger, and preoccupation with death.
What is the impact of bullying or victimization on adolescent mental health? -
ANSWER-It is a risk factor for mental health issues and suicide.
, What is the role of social support in adolescent suicide risk? - ANSWER-
Inadequate social support can increase the risk of suicide.
What mood disorder is characterized by more mania in men and more depression
in women? - ANSWER-Bipolar I and II
What is the term for attempts at self-treatment of depression through substance
use? - ANSWER-Alcohol or substance abuse
What does 'objective loss' refer to in the context of depression? - ANSWER-
Traumatic separation from significant objects of attachment
Why is social support important in managing depression? - ANSWER-It helps
prevent relapse and mitigates chronic depression
What can lead to a loss of self-esteem in individuals? - ANSWER-Symbolic losses
involving power, status, roles, identity, values, and purpose
What does the learned helplessness model propose about depression? - ANSWER-
Depression is learned from past situations of uncontrolled helplessness
What are the neuroendocrine links hypothesized to be involved in depression? -
ANSWER-Neurotransmitter deficits and disinhibition of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)
What role do thyroid disturbances play in mood disorders? - ANSWER-They are
significant in rapid cycling patients, especially in women
ANSWERS LATEST 2026
What is the difference between adjustment disorder with depressed mood and
major depression? - ANSWER-Adjustment disorder benefits from psychotherapy,
while major depression may require medication.
What is the duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of major depressive
disorder (MDD)? - ANSWER-Symptoms must occur every day for the last 2
weeks.
What are some symptoms of depression that must be present for MDD diagnosis? -
ANSWER-Depressed mood, diminished interest, significant weight loss, insomnia
or hypersomnia, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration, thoughts of
death or suicidal ideation.
What screening tool is commonly used to assess depression? - ANSWER-PHQ-9
What does SIGECAPS stand for in depression screening? - ANSWER-Sleep,
Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidality.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)? - ANSWER-A pattern of depression
occurring in winter with improvement in summer, often treated with light therapy.
What percentage of adolescents experience major depressive disorder (MDD) by
age 18? - ANSWER-Approximately 20%.
,What is the prevalence of MDD in girls compared to boys? - ANSWER-The
prevalence in girls is more than twice as high.
What are common coping mechanisms used by adolescents? - ANSWER-
Cognitive mastery, conformity, controlling behavior, fantasy, and motor activity.
What is the second leading cause of death among children and adolescents aged
10-14? - ANSWER-Suicide.
What are some warning signs of suicide in adolescents? - ANSWER-Increased
risk-taking, substance abuse, hopelessness, dramatic mood swings, preoccupation
with death.
What is the DIGFAST criteria used for? - ANSWER-To assess symptoms of
hypomania in Bipolar Disorder.
What does DIGFAST stand for? - ANSWER-Distractibility, Indiscretion,
Grandiosity, Flight of Ideas, Activity increase, Sleep deficit, Talkativeness.
What is the normal cortisol level in the DST test? - ANSWER-Less than 5 µg/dL.
What indicates adrenal cortisol insufficiency in the DST test? - ANSWER-Cortisol
levels less than 15 µg/dL.
What is the relationship between antidepressants and neonatal hypoglycemia? -
ANSWER-Antidepressants are associated with a higher risk of neonatal
hypoglycemia.
,What is the risk ratio for TCAs regarding neonatal hypoglycemia? - ANSWER-
2.07.
What are the two main types of mood disorders? - ANSWER-Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD).
What characterizes Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)? - ANSWER-Single or
recurrent episodes lasting at least two weeks affecting everyday function.
What characterizes Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)? - ANSWER-Milder
chronic symptoms lasting for years with little effect on everyday function.
What is the typical presentation of Bipolar Disorder? - ANSWER-Episodes of
mania and depression.
What is the significance of the term 'anhedonia' in depression? - ANSWER-It
refers to the loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
What is a common symptom of hypomania? - ANSWER-Increased energy and
decreased need for sleep.
What is the prevalence of depression in adolescents? - ANSWER-It increases with
age, with significant rates by age 18.
What are some cognitive/mood changes associated with suicidal ideation? -
ANSWER-Hopelessness, increased anger, and preoccupation with death.
What is the impact of bullying or victimization on adolescent mental health? -
ANSWER-It is a risk factor for mental health issues and suicide.
, What is the role of social support in adolescent suicide risk? - ANSWER-
Inadequate social support can increase the risk of suicide.
What mood disorder is characterized by more mania in men and more depression
in women? - ANSWER-Bipolar I and II
What is the term for attempts at self-treatment of depression through substance
use? - ANSWER-Alcohol or substance abuse
What does 'objective loss' refer to in the context of depression? - ANSWER-
Traumatic separation from significant objects of attachment
Why is social support important in managing depression? - ANSWER-It helps
prevent relapse and mitigates chronic depression
What can lead to a loss of self-esteem in individuals? - ANSWER-Symbolic losses
involving power, status, roles, identity, values, and purpose
What does the learned helplessness model propose about depression? - ANSWER-
Depression is learned from past situations of uncontrolled helplessness
What are the neuroendocrine links hypothesized to be involved in depression? -
ANSWER-Neurotransmitter deficits and disinhibition of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)
What role do thyroid disturbances play in mood disorders? - ANSWER-They are
significant in rapid cycling patients, especially in women
