NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 1 2026/2027 WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
|CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST
|BRAND NEW VERSION|JUST RELEASED!!
what does reduction in ATP levels do
impairs sodium-potassium and sodium-calcium pumps function causing failure
what happens when NA-K and NA-CA pumps fail
increase in intracellular sodium and calcium which causes potassium to diffuse out of the cell
what happens due to increased amounts of sodium in the cell.?
water begins to diffuse into the cell and causes dilation of ER and malfunctions. Ribosomes
detach and protein production ceases and protein synthesis stops
what does intracellular calcium activate
intracellular enzymatic pathways which cause damage to entire cell, ATP depletion and
eventually death
what happens with ischemia-reprofusion injury
hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide is produced causing cell membrane damage and
mitochondrial calcium overload
what function is impaired with ischemia-reprofusion injury
WBC's
what starts repercussion injury
1|Page
,xanthine dehydrogenase
Xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to
xanthine oxidate
__________ can overwhelm the mitochondria and exhaust intracellular antioxidants
ROS
what can deactivate ROS
superoxide dismutase
folic acid, magnesium, vitamin b7, thiamine and phosphorus deficiency
ETOH abuse
what can increase the risk for rhabdo in person who abuses ETOH
phosphorus def.
what is ETOH metabolized by
acetaldehyde
what enzyme helps with conversion of ETOH
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
oxidized niacin (NAD) --> reduced to NADH --> in mitochondria acetaldehyde ----> converted by
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to --> acetate and further oxidized to niacin (NAD) is reduced to
NADH
ETOH metabolism
pyruvate to be changed to lactic acid
due to increase of NADH/NAD
oxaloacetate to be converted to malate --> prevents glucogensis and leads to hypoglycemia
2|Page
, due to increase of NADH/NAD
gluceraldehyde-3-phosphate converted to glycerol 3 phosphate which combines with fatty acids
and forms triglycerides
leads to elevations in triglycerides levels and deposits in the liver known as hepatosteatosis
acetaldehyde increases risk for
head and neck cancers
formation of ketone bodies and occurs mostly in the mitochondria of the hepatocytes
ketogenesis
what happens in ketogensis
not enough glucose, B-oxidation cycle is sped up leading to increased amounts of acetyl-coA.
Acetyl-CoA returns to citric cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. -->
oxaloacetate levels are depleted which causes further increase in acetyl-coa. acetyl-coa is
processed by hepatocytes and undergoes transformation to three ketone bodies
what are the three ketone bodies
acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate
cells resting membrane potential is greater than -85
hyperpolarized
cells resting membrane potential is closer to zero (-65)
hypopolarized
a hypo polarized cell is a ______________ cell
excitable cell
a hyper polarized cell is a _______ cell
not excitable cell
3|Page
ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
|CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST
|BRAND NEW VERSION|JUST RELEASED!!
what does reduction in ATP levels do
impairs sodium-potassium and sodium-calcium pumps function causing failure
what happens when NA-K and NA-CA pumps fail
increase in intracellular sodium and calcium which causes potassium to diffuse out of the cell
what happens due to increased amounts of sodium in the cell.?
water begins to diffuse into the cell and causes dilation of ER and malfunctions. Ribosomes
detach and protein production ceases and protein synthesis stops
what does intracellular calcium activate
intracellular enzymatic pathways which cause damage to entire cell, ATP depletion and
eventually death
what happens with ischemia-reprofusion injury
hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide is produced causing cell membrane damage and
mitochondrial calcium overload
what function is impaired with ischemia-reprofusion injury
WBC's
what starts repercussion injury
1|Page
,xanthine dehydrogenase
Xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to
xanthine oxidate
__________ can overwhelm the mitochondria and exhaust intracellular antioxidants
ROS
what can deactivate ROS
superoxide dismutase
folic acid, magnesium, vitamin b7, thiamine and phosphorus deficiency
ETOH abuse
what can increase the risk for rhabdo in person who abuses ETOH
phosphorus def.
what is ETOH metabolized by
acetaldehyde
what enzyme helps with conversion of ETOH
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
oxidized niacin (NAD) --> reduced to NADH --> in mitochondria acetaldehyde ----> converted by
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to --> acetate and further oxidized to niacin (NAD) is reduced to
NADH
ETOH metabolism
pyruvate to be changed to lactic acid
due to increase of NADH/NAD
oxaloacetate to be converted to malate --> prevents glucogensis and leads to hypoglycemia
2|Page
, due to increase of NADH/NAD
gluceraldehyde-3-phosphate converted to glycerol 3 phosphate which combines with fatty acids
and forms triglycerides
leads to elevations in triglycerides levels and deposits in the liver known as hepatosteatosis
acetaldehyde increases risk for
head and neck cancers
formation of ketone bodies and occurs mostly in the mitochondria of the hepatocytes
ketogenesis
what happens in ketogensis
not enough glucose, B-oxidation cycle is sped up leading to increased amounts of acetyl-coA.
Acetyl-CoA returns to citric cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. -->
oxaloacetate levels are depleted which causes further increase in acetyl-coa. acetyl-coa is
processed by hepatocytes and undergoes transformation to three ketone bodies
what are the three ketone bodies
acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate
cells resting membrane potential is greater than -85
hyperpolarized
cells resting membrane potential is closer to zero (-65)
hypopolarized
a hypo polarized cell is a ______________ cell
excitable cell
a hyper polarized cell is a _______ cell
not excitable cell
3|Page
