Page | 1
NTR 450 FINAL EXAM 2026
LATEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS| ACE YOUR GRADES.
What is a dietary pattern? Give examples - correct answer -Usual
combination of foods/beverages consumed. Examples: DASH,
Mediterranean, vegetarian
DASH diet: Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean
proteins, low sodium.
Mediterranean diet: Rich in olive oil, fish, legumes, vegetables,
moderate wine.
Vegetarian/plant-forward diets: Focus on plant sources, limited or
no animal products.
dietary patterns definition - correct answer -The overall
combination of foods and beverages consumed regularly,
reflecting habits rather than single nutrients
, Page | 2
Define nutrient-dense foods and select the more nutrient-dense
option from pairs. - correct answer -Nutrient-dense = high
vitamins/minerals per calorie. Examples: spinach > iceberg
lettuce; brown rice > white rice.
True/False - NHANES is an intervention study. - correct answer -
False
Americans reported vegetable intake below recommended daily
intakes, with ~10% of adults meeting the recommended levels.
Given these data, would you expect that increasing the % of
adults meeting vegetable intake to 50% by simply increasing the
amount of vegetables consumed with no other dietary changes
would significantly reduce the prevalence of obesity in the adult
US population? Provide a rationale for your answer. (short
answer) - correct answer -Less than 10% of adults dont meet it.
Just increase the amount of vegetables (1 serving to 3) that's it,
this would have an impact on obesity because...
No, because it doesn't restrict or reduce the kcal or
macronutrients. It is just adding calories. ADD to it
True/False - The goal of "Food as Medicine" is to replace
prescription medications as frontline therapy - correct answer -
False it complements not replaces
, Page | 3
Organize study types as interventional/experimental vs.
observational. - correct answer -Interventional = RCTs,
efficacy/effectiveness trials. Observational = cohort, case-control,
NHANES.
Rank study types from highest to lowest evidence. - correct
answer -Highest = systematic reviews/meta-analyses. Moderate =
RCTs, cohort. Lowest = editorials/expert opinion.
What is the difference between efficacy and effectiveness in
translational research? - correct answer -Efficacy = works under
ideal controlled conditions. Effectiveness = works in real-world
practice.
What are the four key areas the course covers? - correct answer -
Class slides/readings/videos.
DGA & PAG summaries (HEI scores, metabolic rate).
Resource assignments & poster project.
NTR 450 FINAL EXAM 2026
LATEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS| ACE YOUR GRADES.
What is a dietary pattern? Give examples - correct answer -Usual
combination of foods/beverages consumed. Examples: DASH,
Mediterranean, vegetarian
DASH diet: Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean
proteins, low sodium.
Mediterranean diet: Rich in olive oil, fish, legumes, vegetables,
moderate wine.
Vegetarian/plant-forward diets: Focus on plant sources, limited or
no animal products.
dietary patterns definition - correct answer -The overall
combination of foods and beverages consumed regularly,
reflecting habits rather than single nutrients
, Page | 2
Define nutrient-dense foods and select the more nutrient-dense
option from pairs. - correct answer -Nutrient-dense = high
vitamins/minerals per calorie. Examples: spinach > iceberg
lettuce; brown rice > white rice.
True/False - NHANES is an intervention study. - correct answer -
False
Americans reported vegetable intake below recommended daily
intakes, with ~10% of adults meeting the recommended levels.
Given these data, would you expect that increasing the % of
adults meeting vegetable intake to 50% by simply increasing the
amount of vegetables consumed with no other dietary changes
would significantly reduce the prevalence of obesity in the adult
US population? Provide a rationale for your answer. (short
answer) - correct answer -Less than 10% of adults dont meet it.
Just increase the amount of vegetables (1 serving to 3) that's it,
this would have an impact on obesity because...
No, because it doesn't restrict or reduce the kcal or
macronutrients. It is just adding calories. ADD to it
True/False - The goal of "Food as Medicine" is to replace
prescription medications as frontline therapy - correct answer -
False it complements not replaces
, Page | 3
Organize study types as interventional/experimental vs.
observational. - correct answer -Interventional = RCTs,
efficacy/effectiveness trials. Observational = cohort, case-control,
NHANES.
Rank study types from highest to lowest evidence. - correct
answer -Highest = systematic reviews/meta-analyses. Moderate =
RCTs, cohort. Lowest = editorials/expert opinion.
What is the difference between efficacy and effectiveness in
translational research? - correct answer -Efficacy = works under
ideal controlled conditions. Effectiveness = works in real-world
practice.
What are the four key areas the course covers? - correct answer -
Class slides/readings/videos.
DGA & PAG summaries (HEI scores, metabolic rate).
Resource assignments & poster project.
