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PH 450 MIDTERM 1 EXAM 2026
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|
ACE YOUR GRADES.
What are three roles of the courts?
a. Constitutional referee, interpreters, rights protectors
b. Constitutional referee, arbiters, rights protectors
Constitutional Judge, Interpreters, Rights Protectors - correct
answer -a
Courts must identify the following
a. Which laws apply?
b. What law means?
c.How does law apply to the facts?
d. All of the above - correct answer -d
The principle stare decisis means to stand by a decision? -
correct answer -True
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Courts are most likely to be called upon to interpret when the
following happens
a. Legislative language is vague, with multiple plausible meanings
b. A party trying to claim a right or avoid regulation under the
statue has enough at stake to litigate its meaning
c. A and B
d. None of the above - correct answer -c
Congress enacted ERISA in 1986 to address the problem of
emergency rooms "dumping" patients because the patient was
uninsured and unable to pay potentially large hospital bills -
correct answer -False
The modification phase as part of the policymaking framework is
necessary because perfection frequently eludes policy makers in
the formulation and implementation phases - correct answer -True
None of the decisions made in the formulation and
implementation phases can be revisited or modified - correct
answer -False
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A policy is modified when its performance and impact require
policymakers to revisit the following:
a. formulation phase
b. implementation phase
c. make changes in legislation or its implementation
d. all of the above - correct answer -d
Match the following MMA or ACA provisions
a. Created a new voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit
b. Provide incentives to increase the quality and efficiency of care
c. Reduce payments to hospitals that serve a large number of
low-income patients
d. Phase out coverage gap in the part D description drug benefit -
correct answer -a. MMA
b. ACA
c. ACA
d. ACA
In many areas of health policy, the likelihood that ptior decisions
will be revisited and changed is not a readily recognizable feature
of policy making in the U.S - correct answer -False
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In policymaking characterized by incrementalism, the effects of
policies play out slowly and predictably. There are only a few
large- scale policy changes from a previous policy. Which of the
following is an example of a large-scale policy modification?
a. The SSA of 1935
b. Enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965
c. Affordable Care Act
d. All of the above - correct answer -d
Match the following participants from each branch of government
to the role it plays in policy modification
a. Legislators
b. Chief Executives
c. Courts - correct answer -b. monitor implementation and can
point out when modification is needed
a. have significant responsibilities to make laws and decide when
to modify them
c. determine when modifications are needed, when results of one
infringes on another
Modification of policies in the following phase occurs in agenda
setting and legislative development?
PH 450 MIDTERM 1 EXAM 2026
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|
ACE YOUR GRADES.
What are three roles of the courts?
a. Constitutional referee, interpreters, rights protectors
b. Constitutional referee, arbiters, rights protectors
Constitutional Judge, Interpreters, Rights Protectors - correct
answer -a
Courts must identify the following
a. Which laws apply?
b. What law means?
c.How does law apply to the facts?
d. All of the above - correct answer -d
The principle stare decisis means to stand by a decision? -
correct answer -True
, Page | 2
Courts are most likely to be called upon to interpret when the
following happens
a. Legislative language is vague, with multiple plausible meanings
b. A party trying to claim a right or avoid regulation under the
statue has enough at stake to litigate its meaning
c. A and B
d. None of the above - correct answer -c
Congress enacted ERISA in 1986 to address the problem of
emergency rooms "dumping" patients because the patient was
uninsured and unable to pay potentially large hospital bills -
correct answer -False
The modification phase as part of the policymaking framework is
necessary because perfection frequently eludes policy makers in
the formulation and implementation phases - correct answer -True
None of the decisions made in the formulation and
implementation phases can be revisited or modified - correct
answer -False
, Page | 3
A policy is modified when its performance and impact require
policymakers to revisit the following:
a. formulation phase
b. implementation phase
c. make changes in legislation or its implementation
d. all of the above - correct answer -d
Match the following MMA or ACA provisions
a. Created a new voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit
b. Provide incentives to increase the quality and efficiency of care
c. Reduce payments to hospitals that serve a large number of
low-income patients
d. Phase out coverage gap in the part D description drug benefit -
correct answer -a. MMA
b. ACA
c. ACA
d. ACA
In many areas of health policy, the likelihood that ptior decisions
will be revisited and changed is not a readily recognizable feature
of policy making in the U.S - correct answer -False
, Page | 4
In policymaking characterized by incrementalism, the effects of
policies play out slowly and predictably. There are only a few
large- scale policy changes from a previous policy. Which of the
following is an example of a large-scale policy modification?
a. The SSA of 1935
b. Enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965
c. Affordable Care Act
d. All of the above - correct answer -d
Match the following participants from each branch of government
to the role it plays in policy modification
a. Legislators
b. Chief Executives
c. Courts - correct answer -b. monitor implementation and can
point out when modification is needed
a. have significant responsibilities to make laws and decide when
to modify them
c. determine when modifications are needed, when results of one
infringes on another
Modification of policies in the following phase occurs in agenda
setting and legislative development?
