KOWALCZYK S PATHOLOGY FOR IMAGING
TECHNOLOGISTS 9TH EDITION TEST BANK
SHELTON LATEST UPDATE 2026
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Pathology
2. The Skeletal System
3. The Respiratory System
4. The Cardiovascular System
5. The Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System
6. The Hepatobiliary System
7. The Urinary System
8. The Central Nervous System
9. The Hemopoietic System
10. The Reproductive System
11. The Endocrine System
12. Traumatic Disease
,CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PATHOLOGY
This chapter introduces pathology principles relevant to imaging professionals, focusing on
disease mechanisms, cellular responses, inflammation, repair, and neoplasia. Emphasis is on
understanding normal versus abnormal tissue changes, diagnostic imaging correlations, and
implications for patient assessment, safety, and care. Nurses integrate this knowledge to
support clinical decision-making and promote accurate, safe imaging practices.
1. Which term describes the study of disease processes?
A. Physiology
B. Pathology
C. Pharmacology
D. Microbiology
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Pathology studies disease mechanisms and effects on the body. Physiology
studies normal function, pharmacology studies drugs, and microbiology studies
microorganisms.
2. Which cellular response involves reversible cell size decrease due to decreased
workload?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Atrophy is a reversible decrease in cell size from reduced workload, blood
supply, or nutrition. Hypertrophy is size increase; hyperplasia is cell number increase;
metaplasia is cell type change.
3. A patient with chronic smoking history shows squamous cells replacing normal
bronchial epithelium. This is an example of:
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Neoplasia
- CORRECT ANSWER - : C
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one cell type with another,
often in response to chronic irritation. Dysplasia involves abnormal growth; neoplasia
is uncontrolled growth.
4. Which type of necrosis is commonly associated with myocardial infarction?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture, typical in ischemic
injuries like myocardial infarction. Liquefactive occurs in CNS; caseous in TB; fat
necrosis in pancreas or trauma.
5. Which process is a programmed cell death essential for tissue homeostasis?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
, C. Autolysis
D. Gangrene
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated cell death mechanism maintaining tissue balance.
Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death; autolysis is self-digestion; gangrene involves
tissue death from ischemia/infection.
6. Which mediator is primarily responsible for acute inflammation vasodilation?
A. Histamine
B. Interleukin-1
C. Tumor necrosis factor
D. Prostaglandin E2
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Histamine causes vasodilation and increased permeability during acute
inflammation. IL-1 and TNF mediate systemic responses; prostaglandins mediate pain
and fever.
7. What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration
C. Immediate tissue swelling
D. Rapid resolution
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Chronic inflammation features macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma
cells. Neutrophils dominate acute responses; rapid resolution occurs in mild acute
inflammation.
8. Which term describes abnormal cell proliferation in response to stimulus, reversible if
stimulus removed?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Neoplasia
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increased number of cells in response to stimuli.
Dysplasia is abnormal growth; metaplasia is cell type change; neoplasia is
uncontrolled growth.
9. Which type of necrosis is typically associated with tuberculosis?
A. Caseous
B. Coagulative
C. Liquefactive
D. Fat
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is characterized by soft, white, cheese-like material, often
seen in TB infections. Coagulative occurs in infarcts; liquefactive in CNS; fat necrosis
in trauma.
10. Which change is considered a premalignant lesion?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
TECHNOLOGISTS 9TH EDITION TEST BANK
SHELTON LATEST UPDATE 2026
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Pathology
2. The Skeletal System
3. The Respiratory System
4. The Cardiovascular System
5. The Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System
6. The Hepatobiliary System
7. The Urinary System
8. The Central Nervous System
9. The Hemopoietic System
10. The Reproductive System
11. The Endocrine System
12. Traumatic Disease
,CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PATHOLOGY
This chapter introduces pathology principles relevant to imaging professionals, focusing on
disease mechanisms, cellular responses, inflammation, repair, and neoplasia. Emphasis is on
understanding normal versus abnormal tissue changes, diagnostic imaging correlations, and
implications for patient assessment, safety, and care. Nurses integrate this knowledge to
support clinical decision-making and promote accurate, safe imaging practices.
1. Which term describes the study of disease processes?
A. Physiology
B. Pathology
C. Pharmacology
D. Microbiology
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Pathology studies disease mechanisms and effects on the body. Physiology
studies normal function, pharmacology studies drugs, and microbiology studies
microorganisms.
2. Which cellular response involves reversible cell size decrease due to decreased
workload?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Atrophy is a reversible decrease in cell size from reduced workload, blood
supply, or nutrition. Hypertrophy is size increase; hyperplasia is cell number increase;
metaplasia is cell type change.
3. A patient with chronic smoking history shows squamous cells replacing normal
bronchial epithelium. This is an example of:
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Neoplasia
- CORRECT ANSWER - : C
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one cell type with another,
often in response to chronic irritation. Dysplasia involves abnormal growth; neoplasia
is uncontrolled growth.
4. Which type of necrosis is commonly associated with myocardial infarction?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture, typical in ischemic
injuries like myocardial infarction. Liquefactive occurs in CNS; caseous in TB; fat
necrosis in pancreas or trauma.
5. Which process is a programmed cell death essential for tissue homeostasis?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
, C. Autolysis
D. Gangrene
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated cell death mechanism maintaining tissue balance.
Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death; autolysis is self-digestion; gangrene involves
tissue death from ischemia/infection.
6. Which mediator is primarily responsible for acute inflammation vasodilation?
A. Histamine
B. Interleukin-1
C. Tumor necrosis factor
D. Prostaglandin E2
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Histamine causes vasodilation and increased permeability during acute
inflammation. IL-1 and TNF mediate systemic responses; prostaglandins mediate pain
and fever.
7. What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration
C. Immediate tissue swelling
D. Rapid resolution
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Chronic inflammation features macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma
cells. Neutrophils dominate acute responses; rapid resolution occurs in mild acute
inflammation.
8. Which term describes abnormal cell proliferation in response to stimulus, reversible if
stimulus removed?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Neoplasia
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increased number of cells in response to stimuli.
Dysplasia is abnormal growth; metaplasia is cell type change; neoplasia is
uncontrolled growth.
9. Which type of necrosis is typically associated with tuberculosis?
A. Caseous
B. Coagulative
C. Liquefactive
D. Fat
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is characterized by soft, white, cheese-like material, often
seen in TB infections. Coagulative occurs in infarcts; liquefactive in CNS; fat necrosis
in trauma.
10. Which change is considered a premalignant lesion?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
