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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY BIOD 331 -
MODULE 1 REAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 LATEST
What is the difference between morphology and histology? Verified--
Solution-----Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form
of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular
matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an
example of each. -Verified--Solution-----These both relate to
manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while
symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the
physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
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What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? Verified--
Solution-----Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a physical
examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. -Verified-
Solution-----Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood pressure cuff to
measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually
dependent on someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. Verified--
Solution-----Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence. It tracks
the health of a community by tracking age, race, nutritional habits and
locations.
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? -Verified--Solution----
Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ changes
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that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on
total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. Verified--
Solution-----Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you
don't necessarily develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to
hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to
irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? -Verified--Solution-----
Congenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY BIOD 331 -
MODULE 1 REAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 LATEST
What is the difference between morphology and histology? Verified--
Solution-----Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form
of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular
matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an
example of each. -Verified--Solution-----These both relate to
manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while
symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the
physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
,2|Page
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? Verified--
Solution-----Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a physical
examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. -Verified-
Solution-----Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to measure
i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood pressure cuff to
measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually
dependent on someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. Verified--
Solution-----Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence. It tracks
the health of a community by tracking age, race, nutritional habits and
locations.
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? -Verified--Solution----
Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ changes
, 3|Page
that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on
total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. Verified--
Solution-----Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you
don't necessarily develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to
hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to
irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? -Verified--Solution-----
Congenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
