NUSCTX 10 MIDTERM 3 UC BERKELEY FINAL
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 EXAM Q&A STUDY GUIDE
UPDATED 2026
◉ Catabolism. Answer: Breaks down organic matter, for example, to
harvest energy.
◉ Nutrient Density. Answer: A measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content.
◉ Trace Minerals. Answer: Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
◉ Protein Complementation. Answer: The act of consuming a variety of
plant products to provide all the necessary protein components.
◉ Essential Fatty Acids. Answer: Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
,May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
◉ Metabolism. Answer: The set of life-sustaining chemical
transformations within the cells of living organisms.
◉ Mitochondrial Matrix. Answer: The compartment of the
mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes
and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
◉ Respiration. Answer: Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-
proton) gradient.
◉ Falsifiability. Answer: Capable of being tested by experiment or
observation.
◉ Endoplasmic Reticulum. Answer: A system of membranes that is
found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing,
and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
,◉ Lysosome. Answer: A small, round cell structure containing chemicals
that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
◉ Enzyme. Answer: Biological catalysts that work by lowering the
activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of
the reaction.
◉ Oxidation. Answer: A chemical change in which a substance
combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
◉ Entropy. Answer: A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
◉ Villi. Answer: Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that
increase the surface area for absorption.
◉ Calor. Answer: Mass(Velocity)
◉ Calorimetry. Answer: Direct and indirect are used to measure
quantities of heat.
◉ Gross Energy. Answer: The total energy intake in the diet.
, ◉ Metabolizable Energy. Answer: Digestible energy minus fecal and
urinary energy.
◉ Basal Metabolic Rate. Answer: Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting,
starvation, malnutrition, fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
◉ Pair-feeding. Answer: An experimental method in which food intake
or energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal
groups and to exclude effects in the animals by differences of food
(energy) intake.
◉ Turnover. Answer: The movement of something into, through and out
of a place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
◉ Thyroxine. Answer: The main hormone produced by the thyroid
gland, acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and
development. Affects BMR.
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 EXAM Q&A STUDY GUIDE
UPDATED 2026
◉ Catabolism. Answer: Breaks down organic matter, for example, to
harvest energy.
◉ Nutrient Density. Answer: A measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content.
◉ Trace Minerals. Answer: Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
◉ Protein Complementation. Answer: The act of consuming a variety of
plant products to provide all the necessary protein components.
◉ Essential Fatty Acids. Answer: Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
,May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
◉ Metabolism. Answer: The set of life-sustaining chemical
transformations within the cells of living organisms.
◉ Mitochondrial Matrix. Answer: The compartment of the
mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes
and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
◉ Respiration. Answer: Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-
proton) gradient.
◉ Falsifiability. Answer: Capable of being tested by experiment or
observation.
◉ Endoplasmic Reticulum. Answer: A system of membranes that is
found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing,
and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
,◉ Lysosome. Answer: A small, round cell structure containing chemicals
that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
◉ Enzyme. Answer: Biological catalysts that work by lowering the
activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of
the reaction.
◉ Oxidation. Answer: A chemical change in which a substance
combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
◉ Entropy. Answer: A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
◉ Villi. Answer: Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that
increase the surface area for absorption.
◉ Calor. Answer: Mass(Velocity)
◉ Calorimetry. Answer: Direct and indirect are used to measure
quantities of heat.
◉ Gross Energy. Answer: The total energy intake in the diet.
, ◉ Metabolizable Energy. Answer: Digestible energy minus fecal and
urinary energy.
◉ Basal Metabolic Rate. Answer: Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting,
starvation, malnutrition, fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
◉ Pair-feeding. Answer: An experimental method in which food intake
or energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal
groups and to exclude effects in the animals by differences of food
(energy) intake.
◉ Turnover. Answer: The movement of something into, through and out
of a place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
◉ Thyroxine. Answer: The main hormone produced by the thyroid
gland, acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and
development. Affects BMR.
