NUSCTX 10 SIMULATION MIDTERM EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED
TO PASS
◉ what is a healthy diet? (4). Answer: - one that provides the right
amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable cardiovascular range
- proper types and balance of carbs, proteins, fats
- plenty of water
- sufficient but no excessive amts of essential vitamins and minerals
◉ 3 functional categories of nutrients. Answer: 1. those primarily
providing energy (kcal)
2. those important for growth and development (and later maintenance)
3. those that keep body functions running smoothly
◉ characteristics of essential nutrients (3). Answer: 1. has specific
biological function
2. removing from diet --> decline in human biological function
3. returning substance (before perm. damage) --> restores biological
functions impaired by its absence
,◉ essential nutrients. Answer: 1. carbs
2. lipids (fats and oils)
3. proteins
4. vitamins (water-sol, fat-sol)
5. minerals
◉ carbohydrates. Answer: body's main source of energy and should be
the major part of total daily intake
- simple: like sugar
- complex: grains, beans, etc. ; preferred (fewer cal/g)
◉ 2 types of fiber (subset of carb). Answer: 1. soluble
2. insoluble: doesn't dissolve bc high amt of cellulose
◉ fat. Answer: supplies energy and transports nutrients
- omega-3 fatty acid
omega-6 fatty acid
◉ protein. Answer: supply amino acids to build and maintain healthy
body tissue; necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth
,◉ vitamins. Answer: organic substances rpesent in food adn required by
the body in small amt for reg. of metabolism and maintenance of normal
growth and functioning
-water-soluble: B+C
- fat soluble: A,D,E,K (stored in body fat)
◉ minerals (2 type). Answer: important component of
muscles/tissues/bones, support hormones, oxygen transport, enzyme
systems
- major minerals: need in large amts (CPMNaKSCl)
- trace minerals: FeZnIoCuMn
◉ water (4). Answer: 1. regulate body temp
2. transport nutrients, minerals to cells
3. rid body of waste materials
4. essential to all life processes
◉ nutrient density. Answer: a measure of e nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content
- nutrient-dense = healthy diet
, ◉ metabolism. Answer: set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within cells of living organisms; enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow
organisms to grow/reproduce, maintain structures, respond to their
environments
◉ anabolism. Answer: use energy to CONSTRUCT components of cells
◉ catabolism. Answer: BREAKS DOWN organic matter to harvest
energy
◉ homeostasis. Answer: refers to process that living things use to
actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survivial
◉ enzymes. Answer: biological catalysts that work by lowering AE for a
reaction, dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction
◉ cellular respiration. Answer: biochemical pathway by which cells
release energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and provide
that energy for the essential processes of life
◉ mitochondria. Answer: participate in the chemical processes that
transfer energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules to newly
created ATP molecules
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED
TO PASS
◉ what is a healthy diet? (4). Answer: - one that provides the right
amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable cardiovascular range
- proper types and balance of carbs, proteins, fats
- plenty of water
- sufficient but no excessive amts of essential vitamins and minerals
◉ 3 functional categories of nutrients. Answer: 1. those primarily
providing energy (kcal)
2. those important for growth and development (and later maintenance)
3. those that keep body functions running smoothly
◉ characteristics of essential nutrients (3). Answer: 1. has specific
biological function
2. removing from diet --> decline in human biological function
3. returning substance (before perm. damage) --> restores biological
functions impaired by its absence
,◉ essential nutrients. Answer: 1. carbs
2. lipids (fats and oils)
3. proteins
4. vitamins (water-sol, fat-sol)
5. minerals
◉ carbohydrates. Answer: body's main source of energy and should be
the major part of total daily intake
- simple: like sugar
- complex: grains, beans, etc. ; preferred (fewer cal/g)
◉ 2 types of fiber (subset of carb). Answer: 1. soluble
2. insoluble: doesn't dissolve bc high amt of cellulose
◉ fat. Answer: supplies energy and transports nutrients
- omega-3 fatty acid
omega-6 fatty acid
◉ protein. Answer: supply amino acids to build and maintain healthy
body tissue; necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth
,◉ vitamins. Answer: organic substances rpesent in food adn required by
the body in small amt for reg. of metabolism and maintenance of normal
growth and functioning
-water-soluble: B+C
- fat soluble: A,D,E,K (stored in body fat)
◉ minerals (2 type). Answer: important component of
muscles/tissues/bones, support hormones, oxygen transport, enzyme
systems
- major minerals: need in large amts (CPMNaKSCl)
- trace minerals: FeZnIoCuMn
◉ water (4). Answer: 1. regulate body temp
2. transport nutrients, minerals to cells
3. rid body of waste materials
4. essential to all life processes
◉ nutrient density. Answer: a measure of e nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content
- nutrient-dense = healthy diet
, ◉ metabolism. Answer: set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within cells of living organisms; enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow
organisms to grow/reproduce, maintain structures, respond to their
environments
◉ anabolism. Answer: use energy to CONSTRUCT components of cells
◉ catabolism. Answer: BREAKS DOWN organic matter to harvest
energy
◉ homeostasis. Answer: refers to process that living things use to
actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survivial
◉ enzymes. Answer: biological catalysts that work by lowering AE for a
reaction, dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction
◉ cellular respiration. Answer: biochemical pathway by which cells
release energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and provide
that energy for the essential processes of life
◉ mitochondria. Answer: participate in the chemical processes that
transfer energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules to newly
created ATP molecules
