BIOL 235 Chapter 19 2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔liquid connective tissue that consists of cells
surrounded by a liquid cellular matrix. Matrix is blood plasma and it
suspends various cells and cell fragments.
Interstitial fluid - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔fluid that bathes body cells and constantly
renewed by the blood.
Functions of blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔transportation, regulation, protection
,1. Transportation:
-oxygen from lungs to body cells and carbon dioxide from body cells to
lungs for exhalation
-nutrients from GI tract to body cells
-hormones from endocrine glands to other body cells -heat and waste
products to various organs for elimination from the body
2. Regulation:
-maintains homeostasis of all body fluids pH through use of buffers
(chemicals that convert strong acids or bases into weak ones)
-adjusts body temp. through heat absorbing and coolant properties of water
in blood plasma and variable rate of flow through the skin
-osmotic pressure influences water content of cells through interactions of
dissolved ions and proteins.
3. Protection:
,-blood can clot, which prevents against excessive loss from cardio system
after injury.
-white blood cells protect against disease by carrying on phagocytosis
-several types of blood proteins (antibodies, interferons, complement) help
protect against disease in a variety of ways.
Physical characteristics of blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔denser than water and
slightly sticky
38℃ (1℃ higher than oral and rectal body temp.)
alkaline (pH of 7.35-7.45)
bright red with oxygen, dark red without
20% of extracellular fluid, 8% total body mass
5-6 litres (adult male), 4-5 litres (adult female)
hormones ensure blood volume and osmotic pressure remain stable
(aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide)
Components of blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Blood plasma 55% ; formed
elements 45%
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3
, buffy coat - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔thin layer between the packed RBCs and
plasma in centrifuged blood. Made up of white blood cells (WBCs and
platelets). Less than 1% of formed elements.
plasma - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔watery liquid extracellular matrix that contains
dissolved substances. About 91.5% water and 8.5% solutes, most of which
are proteins (7%).
plasma proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔proteins confined to blood. Mostly
synthesized in liver by hepatocytes (liver cells). Responsible for colloid
osmotic pressure. Major contributors to blood viscosity. Transport
hormones (steroid), fatty acids, and calcium. Help regulate blood pH.
-albumins: 54%. Help maintain osmotic pressure, an important factor in the
exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls.
-globulins: 38%. Immunoglobulins help attach viruses and bacteria. Alpha
and beta globulins transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins.
-fibrinogen: 7%. Plays essential role in blood clotting.
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔liquid connective tissue that consists of cells
surrounded by a liquid cellular matrix. Matrix is blood plasma and it
suspends various cells and cell fragments.
Interstitial fluid - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔fluid that bathes body cells and constantly
renewed by the blood.
Functions of blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔transportation, regulation, protection
,1. Transportation:
-oxygen from lungs to body cells and carbon dioxide from body cells to
lungs for exhalation
-nutrients from GI tract to body cells
-hormones from endocrine glands to other body cells -heat and waste
products to various organs for elimination from the body
2. Regulation:
-maintains homeostasis of all body fluids pH through use of buffers
(chemicals that convert strong acids or bases into weak ones)
-adjusts body temp. through heat absorbing and coolant properties of water
in blood plasma and variable rate of flow through the skin
-osmotic pressure influences water content of cells through interactions of
dissolved ions and proteins.
3. Protection:
,-blood can clot, which prevents against excessive loss from cardio system
after injury.
-white blood cells protect against disease by carrying on phagocytosis
-several types of blood proteins (antibodies, interferons, complement) help
protect against disease in a variety of ways.
Physical characteristics of blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔denser than water and
slightly sticky
38℃ (1℃ higher than oral and rectal body temp.)
alkaline (pH of 7.35-7.45)
bright red with oxygen, dark red without
20% of extracellular fluid, 8% total body mass
5-6 litres (adult male), 4-5 litres (adult female)
hormones ensure blood volume and osmotic pressure remain stable
(aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide)
Components of blood - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Blood plasma 55% ; formed
elements 45%
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, buffy coat - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔thin layer between the packed RBCs and
plasma in centrifuged blood. Made up of white blood cells (WBCs and
platelets). Less than 1% of formed elements.
plasma - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔watery liquid extracellular matrix that contains
dissolved substances. About 91.5% water and 8.5% solutes, most of which
are proteins (7%).
plasma proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔proteins confined to blood. Mostly
synthesized in liver by hepatocytes (liver cells). Responsible for colloid
osmotic pressure. Major contributors to blood viscosity. Transport
hormones (steroid), fatty acids, and calcium. Help regulate blood pH.
-albumins: 54%. Help maintain osmotic pressure, an important factor in the
exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls.
-globulins: 38%. Immunoglobulins help attach viruses and bacteria. Alpha
and beta globulins transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins.
-fibrinogen: 7%. Plays essential role in blood clotting.
