Statistical Data Literacy - D772 Pretest Theory Exam With Actual Questions And Well Defined Answers

What is one example of a sample from a research study? - Correct Answers A set of 100 randomly collected bees from a hive What is one example of an individual in an allergy treatment study? - Correct Answers A patient who is part of the study To determine customer product preferences, a clothing company uses a computer to fairly select 100 of its customers to participate in an interview. What is the sampling method described in this situation? - Correct Answers Simple random What is the advantage of using simple random sampling? - Correct Answers It is the most straightforward and effective way to produce data that is likely to be representative of the population. What is one example of an experiment? - Correct Answers To measure the effect of light on attention span, researchers recruit participants and randomly assign them to two rooms, one with artificial light and the other with natural light. What role does the researcher play in an experiment? - Correct Answers Manipulate variables and observe the effects What is an example of a control group? - Correct Answers In a study on a new plant fertilizer, those not receiving the fertilizer The director of campus food services at a university wants to study the food preferences of students on campus. They place phone calls to 500 random students that span the grade levels. What is the sample in this study? - Correct Answers Students called by the director What is one implication of using a representative sample? - Correct Answers The sample provides reliable data that can be generalized to the larger population with confidence. What is one situation that shows a sampling frame error? - Correct AnswersTo obtain information on preferences on movies being shown at a small theater, the owner asked for input from all customers that visited the theater on Monday or Tuesday of a given week. Which example illustrates a perceived lack of anonymity? - Correct AnswersA coach hands out a survey asking players to evaluate the quality of coaching and collects the survey from them on their way out of practice. When conducting a survey about the preference of print magazines over digital magazines, the research firm calls a completely random list of 500 individuals, with 23 people answering the call. What is the type of bias illustrated in this situation? - Correct AnswersNon-response bias A retailer hands out hundreds of customer satisfaction surveys on pre-paid postcards, and by the deadline 26 people had mailed the survey in. What is illustrated in this scenario? - Correct AnswersA retailer hands out hundreds of customer satisfaction surveys on pre-paid postcards, and by the deadline 26 people had mailed the survey in. What is illustrated in this scenario? What is one situation that shows a perceived lack of anonymity? - Correct AnswersThe president of a marketing firm emails a survey to senior executives on how well the company is being led, and they are asked to send it back to the president's administrative assistant. A scientist is designing an experiment to test a hypothesis. Which practice should be avoided to ensure that data is not misleading? - Correct AnswersChanging measuring instruments without reporting it A retail store owner analyzed sales data to determine that soccer ball sales and t-shirt sales increase and decrease together. The store owner knows that people who play soccer wear t-shirts, so they conclude that increased t-shirt sales are caused when people buy more soccer balls. Is this a valid conclusion? - Correct AnswersNo, because a confounding variable is a possible cause. A researcher collected data on 2,000 college students, finding that students who regularly consume caffeine are 20% more likely to have a GPA over 3.0. What is the valid conclusion, based on the study? - Correct AnswersThere is an association between the variables, but causation cannot be determined. A person recorded the brand of shoes worn by each participant in a race. What is the correct classification of the collected data? - Correct AnswersCategorical For each plant in an experiment, a scientist recorded the height of the plant in centimeters. How is the collected data classified? - Correct AnswersQuantitative A student is designing a survey to collect data for a project. Which survey question will result in quantitative data? - Correct AnswersHow much sleep do you get each night? A psychologist randomly split the participants of an experiment into four groups. Each participant was given a maze to solve, but the maze lines were a different color for each group. Each participant was given a score for how long it took them to solve the maze. What is the explanatory variable in this experiment? - Correct AnswersThe specific maze color A psychologist randomly split the participants of an experiment into four groups. Each participant was given a maze to solve, but the maze lines were a different color for each group. Each participant was given a score for how long it took them to solve the maze. What is the explanatory variable in this experiment? - Correct AnswersThe specific maze color A company wants to create a graphical display to show the percentage of employees who are in each of six departments. What is an appropriate graphical display for this data? - Correct AnswersPie chart A company wants to create a graphical display to show the percentage of employees who are in each of six departments. What is an appropriate graphical display for this data? - Correct AnswersPie chart The teacher of a free art class has the ages of the twelve students and wants to see the distribution of the ages. Which graphical display is appropriate to visualize the distribution of data? - Correct AnswersStem-and-leaf plot A teacher gave 105 students an exam. Each student received a score between 0 and 100. The teacher wants to see the distribution of scores. Which type of graphical display is appropriate to show the data? - Correct AnswersHistogram A movie theater employee recorded data on the people attending each of four movies playing at the same time. For each person, the employee recorded the movie the person watched and whether or not the person made a purchase from the concession stand. Which graphical display is appropriate to visualize the distribution of data? - Correct AnswersTwo-way table What is the mean of the following set of numbers: {41, 22, 43, 36, 42, 41, 37, 32, 39}? - Correct Answers37 What is the mode of the following set of numbers: {54, 65, 63, 48, 65, 61, 51, 67, 70, 66}? - Correct Answers65 There are eight cards in a set. They are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. A player pulls one card at random and checks to see if the result is less than 3. If so, the player wins. What does 1/4 represent in this scenario? - Correct AnswersProbability of winning Six cards each have their own color: green, red, yellow, black, white, and gray. The deck is shuffled, and a person is given the chance to pull one random card. If it is a color that is not black, not white, and not gray, the person wins a prize. Which term describes 36 for this situation? - Correct AnswersProbability of winning Which value could represent the probability of an event? - Correct Answers0.01 What characterizes a player's thought about an upcoming game if they believe that the probability of winning is 83/100? - Correct AnswersThe player believes it is likely that the team will win. There are 6 pizza toppings on a menu: pepperoni, sausage, onions, green peppers, bacon, and pineapple. What is the theoretical probability that a randomly chosen pizza topping will be pepperoni or bacon? - Correct Answers1/3 Which situation describes dependent events? - Correct AnswersA deck of cards has cards numbered 1 to 10. One card is drawn, and then a second card is drawn without replacing the first one. Event A is, "a card with an even number on it is drawn first," and event B is, "a card with an odd number on it is drawn second." Which situation describes a scenario in which event A will not influence event B? - Correct AnswersTwo unrelated people in different places randomly pull a pair of socks from their own drawer containing a variety of colors, including some that are white and some that are not. Event A is, "the first person selects a pair of white socks." Event B is, "the second person selects a pair of white socks." A random experiment has {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} for a sample space. What is an example of disjoint events for this sample space? - Correct AnswersEvent A is {1, 2, 3, 4}, and event B is {5, 6, 7, 8}. The sample space for a random experiment is {A, B, C, D, E, F, G}. Which situation describes mutually exclusive events? - Correct Answers The sample space for a random experiment is {Hannah, Li, Lucas, Lulu, Malik, Maria, Nora, Oliver}. What are the outcomes corresponding to the event "A and B" if event A is {Li, Lulu, Malik, Maria} and event B is {Li, Lulu, Malik, Nora}? - Correct Answers{Li, Lulu, Malik} A random experiment has the sample space {F, H, J, K, L, M, Q, S, X, Y}. Event A is {H, K, Q, S, Y}. Event B is {F, J, K, M, S, X, Y}. Which outcomes correspond to the event "not A"? - Correct Answers{F, J, L, M, X} A random experiment has the sample space {2, 4, 6, 12, 19, 49, 58, 59, 60, 99}. Event A is {2, 19, 49, 58, 99}. Event B is {2, 4, 49, 58, 59, 60}. What is the probability of the event "not A"? - Correct AnswersEvent 1 is {A}, and event 2 is {not A}. A pizza parlor offers three options for a crust: crispy, traditional, and deep dish. The probability that a pizza is sold with a traditional crust is P(T)=16%. The probability that a pizza is sold with a deep dish crust is P(D)=36%. What is P(T and D) for when a pizza is ordered? - Correct Answers0% There is an 85% chance that a financial transaction leads to a gain of $25. However, there is a 15% chance that it leads to a loss of $10. What is the expected value of the transaction? - Correct Answers$19.75 A game has an expected value of $7.09. How should this be interpreted? - Correct AnswersA player will gain an average of $7.09 per game over many games. A bag contains 7 brown marbles, 8 white marbles, and 5 purple marbles. Randomly picking a brown marble is worth 6 points. Randomly picking a white marble is worth 3 points. Randomly picking a purple marble is worth 9 points. What is the expected value of choosing one marble from the bag? - Correct Answers5.55 In a game of chance there are two possible moves, A and B, and each can lead to either success or failure. The probability of A leading to success is 10%, and if it succeeds it is worth 18 points. On the other hand, the probability of B leading to success is 65%, and if it succeeds it is worth 4 points. Which move should a player make, and why? - Correct AnswersB because the expected value is higher than that of A.