PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS
Effects of cortisol - Answers -released when the body is threatened, creating energy
-steroid baseed hormone
-manufactures glucose from fatty acids
What hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress - Answers -
ADH- anti diuretic hormone and epinephrine
-water is retained= increased BP
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: - Answers
-respiratory system kicks in= release CO2=hyperventilation
Characteristics of a benign tumor - Answers --localized to an area
-encapsulated
-resembles tissue of organ
-remain differentiated
-not capable of spreading
What type of immunity is mother to fetus - Answers -innate immunity
Stages of general adaptive syndrome - Answers -Alarm- fight/flight, stimulation of
adrenals, cortisol and ADH and epinephrine
Resistance-body selects most effective defence mechanism, risk for hypertension,
increased ADH (increased body fluid)
Exhaustion- occurs if stressor continues, resources in body are depleted
What happens when a person is exposed to a natural antigen - Answers -
adaptive/active immunity
Carbon monoxide causes what kind of tissue damage/how does it cause it - Answers --
hypoxic tissue damage
-little 02 will be released into the tissue
Single most common type of cell injury - Answers -**hypoxic
-decreased 02
-loss of hemoglobin
-decreased RBC production
What is hyperplasia - Answers -increased number of cells from increased cell division -
> enlarged tissue mass
What term describes abnormal size, shape and organization - Answers -dysplasia
-deranged cell growth
, Somebody with renal failure with edema, what is causing the edema - Answers -too
much sodium, holding too much H20
When is innate immunity developed - Answers -starts in pregnancy/birth
-comes from the mother
Which of the following patients will develop active immunity - Answers --the exposure to
antigen (secondary exposure)
*memory T/B cells
-protection includes: cytokines, antibodies and activated T/B cells
-vaccines
The most common route of metastasis is through the blood cells and what ? - Answers
-lymphatics
A patient develops skin cancer on their head and neck following years of sunbathing,
which cancer is it? - Answers -*basal cell carcinoma
-appear as- small pearly bumps, waxy hard skin growth
A patient has been diagnosed with necrosis in their right index finger, what has
happened - Answers -*cellular death
-cells that swell, burst and spill their contents
What is cell immunity - Answers -Does not involve antibodies
-activation of: cytokines, phagocytes
What is an example of sever systemic hypersensitivity - Answers -*anaphylaxis
-occurs due to increased amount of ige
The LATER signs of inflammatory response, what cell is dominant - Answers --
macrophages
-long term defence
-suppress further inflammation and initiate healing
Which immunoglobulin is responsible for hypersensitivity - Answers -ige
-binds to mast cells to trigger release of histamines
Which bio chemical secretions traps and kills microorganisms - Answers --earwax
A 60 year old is diagnosed with hyperkalemia, which assessment finding would you
observe - Answers -increased potassium levels
-more than 5 in blood work
-calcification
-mineral and bone depletion
-muscle spasms and cramps
-numbness/tingling
Effects of cortisol - Answers -released when the body is threatened, creating energy
-steroid baseed hormone
-manufactures glucose from fatty acids
What hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress - Answers -
ADH- anti diuretic hormone and epinephrine
-water is retained= increased BP
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: - Answers
-respiratory system kicks in= release CO2=hyperventilation
Characteristics of a benign tumor - Answers --localized to an area
-encapsulated
-resembles tissue of organ
-remain differentiated
-not capable of spreading
What type of immunity is mother to fetus - Answers -innate immunity
Stages of general adaptive syndrome - Answers -Alarm- fight/flight, stimulation of
adrenals, cortisol and ADH and epinephrine
Resistance-body selects most effective defence mechanism, risk for hypertension,
increased ADH (increased body fluid)
Exhaustion- occurs if stressor continues, resources in body are depleted
What happens when a person is exposed to a natural antigen - Answers -
adaptive/active immunity
Carbon monoxide causes what kind of tissue damage/how does it cause it - Answers --
hypoxic tissue damage
-little 02 will be released into the tissue
Single most common type of cell injury - Answers -**hypoxic
-decreased 02
-loss of hemoglobin
-decreased RBC production
What is hyperplasia - Answers -increased number of cells from increased cell division -
> enlarged tissue mass
What term describes abnormal size, shape and organization - Answers -dysplasia
-deranged cell growth
, Somebody with renal failure with edema, what is causing the edema - Answers -too
much sodium, holding too much H20
When is innate immunity developed - Answers -starts in pregnancy/birth
-comes from the mother
Which of the following patients will develop active immunity - Answers --the exposure to
antigen (secondary exposure)
*memory T/B cells
-protection includes: cytokines, antibodies and activated T/B cells
-vaccines
The most common route of metastasis is through the blood cells and what ? - Answers
-lymphatics
A patient develops skin cancer on their head and neck following years of sunbathing,
which cancer is it? - Answers -*basal cell carcinoma
-appear as- small pearly bumps, waxy hard skin growth
A patient has been diagnosed with necrosis in their right index finger, what has
happened - Answers -*cellular death
-cells that swell, burst and spill their contents
What is cell immunity - Answers -Does not involve antibodies
-activation of: cytokines, phagocytes
What is an example of sever systemic hypersensitivity - Answers -*anaphylaxis
-occurs due to increased amount of ige
The LATER signs of inflammatory response, what cell is dominant - Answers --
macrophages
-long term defence
-suppress further inflammation and initiate healing
Which immunoglobulin is responsible for hypersensitivity - Answers -ige
-binds to mast cells to trigger release of histamines
Which bio chemical secretions traps and kills microorganisms - Answers --earwax
A 60 year old is diagnosed with hyperkalemia, which assessment finding would you
observe - Answers -increased potassium levels
-more than 5 in blood work
-calcification
-mineral and bone depletion
-muscle spasms and cramps
-numbness/tingling
