Understanding Pathophysiology 8th Edition – Huether, McCance &
Brashers | Complete Test Bank & Verified Solutions | Chapter-by-
Chapter Questions & Answers | 100% Accurate | 2026 Updated | A+
Exam Success Guide
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 1: THE CELL .......................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 1. CELLULAR BIOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 2. GENES AND GENETIC DISEASES........................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 3. EPIGENETICS AND DISEASE ................................................................................................. 65
CHAPTER 4. ALTERED CELLULAR AND TISSUE BIOLOGY ......................................................................... 74
CHAPTER 5. FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES, ACIDS AND BASES ............................................................... 105
UNIT 2: MECHANISMS OF SELF-DEFENSE ................................................................................................ 140
CHAPTER 6. INNATE IMMUNITY: INFLAMMATION AND WOUND HEALING......................................... 140
CHAPTER 7. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY........................................................................................................ 169
CHAPTER 8. ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNITY ............................................................................................. 197
CHAPTER 9. INFECTION ......................................................................................................................... 206
CHAPTER 10. STRESS AND DISEASE....................................................................................................... 240
UNIT 3: CELLULAR PROLIFERATION: CANCER .......................................................................................... 257
CHAPTER 11. CANCER BIOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 257
CHAPTER 12. CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY ................................................................................................. 275
CHAPTER 13. CANCER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ..................................................................... 290
UNIT 4: THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM.......................................................................................................... 300
CHAPTER 14. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM .......................................... 300
CHAPTER 15. PAIN, TEMPERATURE, SLEEP, AND SENSORY FUNCTION ................................................ 337
CHAPTER 16. ALTERATIONS IN COGNITIVE SYSTEMS, CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, AND MOTOR
FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 376
CHAPTER 17. ALTERATIONS OF THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND PERIPHERAL NERVES ....................... 413
CHAPTER 18. ALTERATIONS OF NEUROLOGIC FUNCTION IN CHILDREN .............................................. 455
UNIT 5: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ............................................................................................................ 483
CHAPTER 19. MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL REGULATION ................................................................. 483
CHAPTER 20. ALTERATIONS OF HORMONAL REGULATION .................................................................. 508
CHAPTER 21. OBESITY, STARVATION, AND ANOREXIA OF AGING ........................................................ 550
UNIT 6: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM....................................................................................................... 559
CHAPTER 22. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM ....................................... 559
CHAPTER 23. ALTERATIONS OF HEMATOLOGIC FUNCTION ................................................................. 586
CHAPTER 24. ALTERATIONS OF HEMATOLOGIC FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ........................................... 637
UNIT 7: THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS .................................................................. 669
, CHAPTER 25. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS .... 669
CHAPTER 26. ALTERATIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION ............................................................ 701
CHAPTER 27. ALTERATIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ...................................... 733
UNIT 8: THE PULMONARY SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 758
CHAPTER 28. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM .......................................... 758
CHAPTER 29. ALTERATIONS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION .................................................................... 790
CHAPTER 30. ALTERATIONS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ............................................... 831
UNIT 9: THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS ........................................................................................ 858
CHAPTER 31. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS ......................... 858
CHAPTER 32. ALTERATIONS OF RENAL AND URINARY TRACT FUNCTION ............................................ 886
CHAPTER 33. ALTERATIONS OF RENAL AND URINARY TRACT FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ...................... 918
UNIT 10: THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS .................................................................................................. 938
CHAPTER 34. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS..................................... 938
CHAPTER 35. ALTERATIONS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM................................................ 972
CHAPTER 36. ALTERATIONS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ................................................... 996
UNIT 11: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 1014
CHAPTER 37. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ............................................. 1014
CHAPTER 38. ALTERATIONS OF DIGESTIVE FUNCTION ....................................................................... 1042
CHAPTER 39. ALTERATIONS OF DIGESTIVE FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ................................................. 1081
UNIT 12: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS .................................................. 1113
CHAPTER 40. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ............................. 1113
CHAPTER 41. ALTERATIONS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION........................................................ 1144
CHAPTER 42. ALTERATIONS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN .................................. 1180
CHAPTER 43. STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND DISORDERS OF THE INTEGUMENT................................ 1201
CHAPTER 44. ALTERATIONS OF THE INTEGUMENT IN CHILDREN ...................................................... 1227
UNIT 1: THE CELL
CHAPTER 1. CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A STUDENT IS OBSERVING A CELL UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. IT IS OBSERVED TO HAVE
SUPERCOILED DNA WITH HISTONES. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD ALSO BE OBSERVED BY THE
STUDENT?
, A. A SINGLE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME
B. A NUCLEUS
C. FREE-FLOATING NUCLEAR MATERIAL
D. NO ORGANELLES
ANSWER>> B
THE CELL DESCRIBED IS A EUKARYOTIC CELL, SO IT HAS HISTONES AND A SUPERCOILED DNA WITHIN ITS
NUCLEUS; THUS, THE NUCLEUS SHOULD BE OBSERVED.
A SINGLE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME IS CHARACTERISTIC OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS, WHICH DO NOT HAVE
HISTONES.
FREE-FLOATING NUCLEAR MATERIAL DESCRIBES A PROKARYOTIC CELL, WHICH WOULD NOT HAVE A
DISTINCT NUCLEUS.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE MEMBRANE BOUNDED CELLULAR COMPONENTS CALLED ORGANELLES. NO
ORGANELLES DESCRIBES A PROKARYOTIC CELL.
Brashers | Complete Test Bank & Verified Solutions | Chapter-by-
Chapter Questions & Answers | 100% Accurate | 2026 Updated | A+
Exam Success Guide
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 1: THE CELL .......................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 1. CELLULAR BIOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 2. GENES AND GENETIC DISEASES........................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 3. EPIGENETICS AND DISEASE ................................................................................................. 65
CHAPTER 4. ALTERED CELLULAR AND TISSUE BIOLOGY ......................................................................... 74
CHAPTER 5. FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES, ACIDS AND BASES ............................................................... 105
UNIT 2: MECHANISMS OF SELF-DEFENSE ................................................................................................ 140
CHAPTER 6. INNATE IMMUNITY: INFLAMMATION AND WOUND HEALING......................................... 140
CHAPTER 7. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY........................................................................................................ 169
CHAPTER 8. ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNITY ............................................................................................. 197
CHAPTER 9. INFECTION ......................................................................................................................... 206
CHAPTER 10. STRESS AND DISEASE....................................................................................................... 240
UNIT 3: CELLULAR PROLIFERATION: CANCER .......................................................................................... 257
CHAPTER 11. CANCER BIOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 257
CHAPTER 12. CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY ................................................................................................. 275
CHAPTER 13. CANCER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ..................................................................... 290
UNIT 4: THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM.......................................................................................................... 300
CHAPTER 14. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM .......................................... 300
CHAPTER 15. PAIN, TEMPERATURE, SLEEP, AND SENSORY FUNCTION ................................................ 337
CHAPTER 16. ALTERATIONS IN COGNITIVE SYSTEMS, CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, AND MOTOR
FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 376
CHAPTER 17. ALTERATIONS OF THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND PERIPHERAL NERVES ....................... 413
CHAPTER 18. ALTERATIONS OF NEUROLOGIC FUNCTION IN CHILDREN .............................................. 455
UNIT 5: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ............................................................................................................ 483
CHAPTER 19. MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL REGULATION ................................................................. 483
CHAPTER 20. ALTERATIONS OF HORMONAL REGULATION .................................................................. 508
CHAPTER 21. OBESITY, STARVATION, AND ANOREXIA OF AGING ........................................................ 550
UNIT 6: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM....................................................................................................... 559
CHAPTER 22. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM ....................................... 559
CHAPTER 23. ALTERATIONS OF HEMATOLOGIC FUNCTION ................................................................. 586
CHAPTER 24. ALTERATIONS OF HEMATOLOGIC FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ........................................... 637
UNIT 7: THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS .................................................................. 669
, CHAPTER 25. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS .... 669
CHAPTER 26. ALTERATIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION ............................................................ 701
CHAPTER 27. ALTERATIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ...................................... 733
UNIT 8: THE PULMONARY SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 758
CHAPTER 28. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM .......................................... 758
CHAPTER 29. ALTERATIONS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION .................................................................... 790
CHAPTER 30. ALTERATIONS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ............................................... 831
UNIT 9: THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS ........................................................................................ 858
CHAPTER 31. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS ......................... 858
CHAPTER 32. ALTERATIONS OF RENAL AND URINARY TRACT FUNCTION ............................................ 886
CHAPTER 33. ALTERATIONS OF RENAL AND URINARY TRACT FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ...................... 918
UNIT 10: THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS .................................................................................................. 938
CHAPTER 34. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS..................................... 938
CHAPTER 35. ALTERATIONS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM................................................ 972
CHAPTER 36. ALTERATIONS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ................................................... 996
UNIT 11: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 1014
CHAPTER 37. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ............................................. 1014
CHAPTER 38. ALTERATIONS OF DIGESTIVE FUNCTION ....................................................................... 1042
CHAPTER 39. ALTERATIONS OF DIGESTIVE FUNCTION IN CHILDREN ................................................. 1081
UNIT 12: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS .................................................. 1113
CHAPTER 40. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ............................. 1113
CHAPTER 41. ALTERATIONS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION........................................................ 1144
CHAPTER 42. ALTERATIONS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN .................................. 1180
CHAPTER 43. STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND DISORDERS OF THE INTEGUMENT................................ 1201
CHAPTER 44. ALTERATIONS OF THE INTEGUMENT IN CHILDREN ...................................................... 1227
UNIT 1: THE CELL
CHAPTER 1. CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A STUDENT IS OBSERVING A CELL UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. IT IS OBSERVED TO HAVE
SUPERCOILED DNA WITH HISTONES. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD ALSO BE OBSERVED BY THE
STUDENT?
, A. A SINGLE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME
B. A NUCLEUS
C. FREE-FLOATING NUCLEAR MATERIAL
D. NO ORGANELLES
ANSWER>> B
THE CELL DESCRIBED IS A EUKARYOTIC CELL, SO IT HAS HISTONES AND A SUPERCOILED DNA WITHIN ITS
NUCLEUS; THUS, THE NUCLEUS SHOULD BE OBSERVED.
A SINGLE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME IS CHARACTERISTIC OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS, WHICH DO NOT HAVE
HISTONES.
FREE-FLOATING NUCLEAR MATERIAL DESCRIBES A PROKARYOTIC CELL, WHICH WOULD NOT HAVE A
DISTINCT NUCLEUS.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE MEMBRANE BOUNDED CELLULAR COMPONENTS CALLED ORGANELLES. NO
ORGANELLES DESCRIBES A PROKARYOTIC CELL.
