HISTOLOGY NBME COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Plasma membrane. Answer: lipid bilayer in which proteins are
embedded
-has 2 layers
1. hydrophilic = head
2. hydrophobic = tail
2 types of proteins in plasma membrane:
1. Integral membrane proteins = inside the plasma membrane
2. Peripheral membrane proteins = outside of the membrane
*steroids are lipid soluble molecule, anything that is lipid soluble can
pass through the lipid bilayer*
◉ B-galactosidase. Answer: An enzyme located in lysosomes
breaks down lactose
-activity at the cell surface of enterocytes
,◉ Enterocytes. Answer: specialized absorptive cells in the villi of the
small intestine
◉ Merkels cells. Answer: detect light touch and superficial pressure
◉ Langerhans cells. Answer: special macrophages that serve as antigen-
presenting cells in the skin
◉ Types of collagen. Answer: type 1 - bone
type 2- cartilage
type 3 - reticular fibers
type 4 - basement membrane
◉ Respiratory flow. Answer: Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Respiratory bronchioles
Alevolar ducts
Alecolar sacs
◉ Tertiary bronchi. Answer: source of the mucus
, ◉ Function of estrogen. Answer: Female sex hormone
-produced a lot during follicle development
◉ 1. Atrophy
2. Hyperplasia
3. Hypertrophy
4. Hypoplasia
5. Metaplasia. Answer: 1. cells die
2. get bigger in cell #
3. get bigger in size
4. incomplete development
5. cells change in shape abnormal
◉ Which muscle cell component helps spread the depolarization of the
muscle cell membrane throughout the interior of muscle cells. Answer:
T-tubules
◉ Which cells make myelin in CNS and PNS?. Answer: CNS =
oligodendrocytes
PNS = schwaan cells
◉ Microglial cells. Answer: -Macrophages of the CNS
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Plasma membrane. Answer: lipid bilayer in which proteins are
embedded
-has 2 layers
1. hydrophilic = head
2. hydrophobic = tail
2 types of proteins in plasma membrane:
1. Integral membrane proteins = inside the plasma membrane
2. Peripheral membrane proteins = outside of the membrane
*steroids are lipid soluble molecule, anything that is lipid soluble can
pass through the lipid bilayer*
◉ B-galactosidase. Answer: An enzyme located in lysosomes
breaks down lactose
-activity at the cell surface of enterocytes
,◉ Enterocytes. Answer: specialized absorptive cells in the villi of the
small intestine
◉ Merkels cells. Answer: detect light touch and superficial pressure
◉ Langerhans cells. Answer: special macrophages that serve as antigen-
presenting cells in the skin
◉ Types of collagen. Answer: type 1 - bone
type 2- cartilage
type 3 - reticular fibers
type 4 - basement membrane
◉ Respiratory flow. Answer: Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Respiratory bronchioles
Alevolar ducts
Alecolar sacs
◉ Tertiary bronchi. Answer: source of the mucus
, ◉ Function of estrogen. Answer: Female sex hormone
-produced a lot during follicle development
◉ 1. Atrophy
2. Hyperplasia
3. Hypertrophy
4. Hypoplasia
5. Metaplasia. Answer: 1. cells die
2. get bigger in cell #
3. get bigger in size
4. incomplete development
5. cells change in shape abnormal
◉ Which muscle cell component helps spread the depolarization of the
muscle cell membrane throughout the interior of muscle cells. Answer:
T-tubules
◉ Which cells make myelin in CNS and PNS?. Answer: CNS =
oligodendrocytes
PNS = schwaan cells
◉ Microglial cells. Answer: -Macrophages of the CNS
