KNES 213 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
What were some key differences that came out of the study between dribbling a basketball and
skipping a rope? - ANS 1. Skipping: slower, less variation in data, more uniform (There were
only 2 answers), "skip" was not defined so someone counted number of jumps, female, had
electronic counter
2. Dribbling basketball: faster, more variation in data (12 different answers), male, no tracker
was used so just an ASSUMPTION that 29 dribbles were made, no way to prove it as fact.
What is the difference between thinking and critical thinking? What is the danger of not having
total anonymity for participants? - ANS Thinking: attitudes, knowledge, skills
Critical thinking: STRUCTURED and SYSTEMATIC attempt to understand and evaluate arguments
and questions
Sometimes when not anonymous, participants will not tell the truth if there is a chance it will
harm them (power plays, employer-employee)
What is research and what are 3 reasons for the importance of research? - ANS Research:
SYSTEMATIC inquiry, INVESTIGATES hypotheses, suggests new INTERPRETATIONS of data/texts,
attempts to VERIFY existing knowledge and poses NEW QUESTIONS for further research to
inquire.
1. knowledge is made available through research and publications
2. scientific basis allows for process
3. must understand research process to comprehend new research
What are the 3 goals of scientific research? If a phenomenon really exists, it must be what 3
things? - ANS Goals of scientific research:
1 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,1. describe whats happening
2. explain why it happened
3. predict future behavior
If a phenomenon exists, it must be:
1. observable
2. measurable
3. repeatable
What are 5 characteristics of research? - ANS 1. SYSTEMATIC: plan, identify, design, collect
data, evaluate
2. LOGICAL: examine procedures to evaluate conclusions
3. EMPIRICAL: decisions based on data
4. REDUCTIVE: general relationships are established from data
5. REPLICABLE: actions are accurately recorded
What are 3 types of research (Goals and approaches)? - ANS 1. Basic (bench) research: goal is
theory driven, approach is through the laboratory
2. Applied (lab/clinical) research: goal is theory based using relevant movements, approach is
through a real-world setting
3. Population health research: goal is to determine what affects health and how can it be
improved
What are the 5 steps in the scientific method of problem solving? - ANS 1. develop the
problem
2. formulate the hypothesis
3. gather data
4. analyze and interpret results
5. report the results
2 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are 2 assumptions in research and how do they lead to rational solutions? - ANS 1.
nature is orderly/regular, events are to some extent consistent and predictable
2. events/conditions are not random, causes can be discovered.
These allow us to direct scientific inquiry towards cause/effect relationships so we can discover
rational solutions
What are the 6 parts of research papers? - ANS 1. Title: states independent variable,
dependent variable, population
2. Abstract: concise summary of the paper
3. Intro and literature review
4. Methodology: sample, tools, procedure, type of analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion and conclusion
What are the 2 perspectives through which we must understand research? What is the
difference between deductive and inductive research? - ANS 1. perspective of the
researchers
2. perspectives of the participant
+ context of the research
Deductive: starts with a theory and does research to FIND evidence for this theory
Inductive: a series of observations leads to COMING UP with a theory.
What are the 2 sources of literature? - ANS 1. Primary source: original material, research
paper, document, speech, evidence written, created, or produced during the time under study,
report of ORIGINAL FINDINGS
2. Secondary source: provides comments, INTERPRETATIONS, or analysis of primary sources,
one step removed from the original event/object.
*CANT JUST RELY ONLY ON SECONDARY
What is peer review? - ANS The "blind" process for the reviewer/reviewee process of
evaluation. Involves qualified individuals within relevant field of study.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
What were some key differences that came out of the study between dribbling a basketball and
skipping a rope? - ANS 1. Skipping: slower, less variation in data, more uniform (There were
only 2 answers), "skip" was not defined so someone counted number of jumps, female, had
electronic counter
2. Dribbling basketball: faster, more variation in data (12 different answers), male, no tracker
was used so just an ASSUMPTION that 29 dribbles were made, no way to prove it as fact.
What is the difference between thinking and critical thinking? What is the danger of not having
total anonymity for participants? - ANS Thinking: attitudes, knowledge, skills
Critical thinking: STRUCTURED and SYSTEMATIC attempt to understand and evaluate arguments
and questions
Sometimes when not anonymous, participants will not tell the truth if there is a chance it will
harm them (power plays, employer-employee)
What is research and what are 3 reasons for the importance of research? - ANS Research:
SYSTEMATIC inquiry, INVESTIGATES hypotheses, suggests new INTERPRETATIONS of data/texts,
attempts to VERIFY existing knowledge and poses NEW QUESTIONS for further research to
inquire.
1. knowledge is made available through research and publications
2. scientific basis allows for process
3. must understand research process to comprehend new research
What are the 3 goals of scientific research? If a phenomenon really exists, it must be what 3
things? - ANS Goals of scientific research:
1 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,1. describe whats happening
2. explain why it happened
3. predict future behavior
If a phenomenon exists, it must be:
1. observable
2. measurable
3. repeatable
What are 5 characteristics of research? - ANS 1. SYSTEMATIC: plan, identify, design, collect
data, evaluate
2. LOGICAL: examine procedures to evaluate conclusions
3. EMPIRICAL: decisions based on data
4. REDUCTIVE: general relationships are established from data
5. REPLICABLE: actions are accurately recorded
What are 3 types of research (Goals and approaches)? - ANS 1. Basic (bench) research: goal is
theory driven, approach is through the laboratory
2. Applied (lab/clinical) research: goal is theory based using relevant movements, approach is
through a real-world setting
3. Population health research: goal is to determine what affects health and how can it be
improved
What are the 5 steps in the scientific method of problem solving? - ANS 1. develop the
problem
2. formulate the hypothesis
3. gather data
4. analyze and interpret results
5. report the results
2 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are 2 assumptions in research and how do they lead to rational solutions? - ANS 1.
nature is orderly/regular, events are to some extent consistent and predictable
2. events/conditions are not random, causes can be discovered.
These allow us to direct scientific inquiry towards cause/effect relationships so we can discover
rational solutions
What are the 6 parts of research papers? - ANS 1. Title: states independent variable,
dependent variable, population
2. Abstract: concise summary of the paper
3. Intro and literature review
4. Methodology: sample, tools, procedure, type of analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion and conclusion
What are the 2 perspectives through which we must understand research? What is the
difference between deductive and inductive research? - ANS 1. perspective of the
researchers
2. perspectives of the participant
+ context of the research
Deductive: starts with a theory and does research to FIND evidence for this theory
Inductive: a series of observations leads to COMING UP with a theory.
What are the 2 sources of literature? - ANS 1. Primary source: original material, research
paper, document, speech, evidence written, created, or produced during the time under study,
report of ORIGINAL FINDINGS
2. Secondary source: provides comments, INTERPRETATIONS, or analysis of primary sources,
one step removed from the original event/object.
*CANT JUST RELY ONLY ON SECONDARY
What is peer review? - ANS The "blind" process for the reviewer/reviewee process of
evaluation. Involves qualified individuals within relevant field of study.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
