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Humanities 101 Final 2026 – Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity & Islam Comprehensive Q&A | 300+ Questions

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This Humanities 101 Final 2026 study guide contains 300+ verified exam questions and answers covering the major world religions and their foundational doctrines, historical developments, sacred texts, and key philosophical concepts. The document provides a comprehensive review of Hinduism (Brahman, Atman, Karma, Moksha, Dharma, caste system, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita), Jainism (Jiva, Ajiva, Ahimsa, karma particles), Buddhism (Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, Nirvana, Anicca, Anatta, Mahayana vs. Theravada, Bodhisattva ideal), Judaism (Covenant, Torah, Talmud, Diaspora, Zionism, Kabbalah), Christianity (Trinity, Nicene Creed, Sacraments, Reformation, Original Sin, Eucharist), and Islam (Qur’an, Hadith, Five Pillars, Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj). The guide systematically explains core theological ideas such as samsara, reincarnation, dependent origination, skandhas, covenant theology, monotheism, monolatry, Trinity doctrine, sacraments, Reformation principles, prophethood in Islam, Qur’anic revelation, and Islamic practices during Ramadan and Hajj. It integrates historical context including the Great Schism (1054), Protestant Reformation (1517), the rise of Zionism, Emperor Ashoka’s spread of Buddhism, the Hijra (622 CE), and the Council of Nicaea (325 CE). Special emphasis is placed on comparative themes such as liberation and salvation, suffering and desire, divine law and commandments, ritual practice, sacred authority, scripture interpretation, ethical living, and community identity across traditions. The document also explores major religious figures including Siddhartha Gautama, Adi Shankara, Mahatma Gandhi, Moses, Maimonides, Jesus, Augustine, Martin Luther, Muhammad, Nagarjuna, and Thomas Aquinas. This document is ideal for: Undergraduate Humanities students Religious Studies majors Philosophy students History students Theology students Students preparing for cumulative Humanities finals It is especially relevant for courses such as: Introduction to Humanities World Religions Comparative Religion Philosophy of Religion Western Civilization Global Religious Traditions The structured Q&A format supports comprehensive final exam preparation, terminology mastery, doctrinal comparison, historical understanding, and analytical review of major religious traditions frequently tested in introductory humanities and religious studies courses. Keywords: Hinduism samsara atman brahman, moksha liberation, dharma caste varna dalits, Upanishads ultimate reality, Bhagavad Gita Arjuna Krishna, Jainism jiva ajiva ahimsa karma particles, Buddhism four noble truths eightfold path nirvana, anicca anatta dukkha tanha, Mahayana Theravada bodhisattva, Judaism covenant Torah Talmud Tanakh, Diaspora Zionism Shoah, Christianity Trinity Nicene Creed sacraments, Original Sin Augustine, Protestant Reformation indulgences, Islam Qur’an Hadith Five Pillars, Shahada Salat Zakat Sawm Hajj, Ramadan Kaaba Tawaf zamzam well

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Humanities 101 Hyrum L. PSC
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"Hinduism" is a convenient umbrella term: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔covering most

of the indigenous religions of India


The word "Hindu" essentially means: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Indian


Hinduism: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔May easily be misunderstood as a unified

philosophy


Samsara is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The cycle of birth hand re-birth of atman.

,The Hindu word for "soul" is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Atman


One of the ways of translating the word "dharma: is: - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Appropriateness


_______________ are ways to achieve Moksha - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Marga


The supreme creator is known as: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Brahma


Which of the following is NOT one of the trimurti? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Ganesh


The sacred religious texts of Hinduism are: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The Vedas


The more original term for Hinduism is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Santana Dharma


Sanatana Dharma means: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The eternal order of things


Why do Hindus perform sacrifices? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To maintain order in

the universe


Hindu thought sees time as: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cyclical


The cycles of time are dependent upon Brahman, who is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔


A major shift occurred when people from Central Asia moved into India

around _______________. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔

,Sacrifice was the primary rite of the Vedic tradition. Which of the following

is a definition of "rite"? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a formal religious ceremony or

ritual

An important drink sometimes sacrificed to the gods is called __________.

It may have been made using mushrooms or other substances believed to

increase energy and induce hallucinations. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Soma


As sacrifices become more central to the Hindu religion, performing the

ceremonies in the proper way required specialization. The most important

rituals had to be performed by the right people, known as: - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Brahmin


The god ________ is sometimes depicted as the god of dance. His dance

is supposed to represent the ongoing process of life and death, also known

as samsara. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Shiva


Another word for caste is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Varna


There are four main classes, or varnas, in traditional Indian society.

However, outside of these formal castes is a group known as: - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Dalits




COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
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, Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic castes: - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Vedas


In the Vedic period, religion focused primarily on the individual finding his or

her place within the universe, and within society . . . it therefore had both a

___________________ and ________________ dimension. - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔personal and social


The general term for the female divine force is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Shakti


The power of sexual energy is often represented as: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a

coiled serpent at the base of the spine


The word "Upanishad" means: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To sit up close


The central concern of the Upanishads is to understand the nature of: - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔The universe* (the self)


There are three parts of the self, according to Hindu philosophy. There is

the material body, the subtle body (the mind), and: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Atman


The ultimate reality underlying all appearances is called: - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Brahman

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