PSC 206 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

PSC 206 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Government Services in Daily Life - Answers •Public safety •Transportation •Sanitation •Lighting •Traffic control Revenue supports - Answers Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches What levels share taxing authority? - Answers Local, state, and federal FY 2017: Governments spent nearly - Answers $7 trillion Federal: - Answers $4 trillion (57%) State/local - Answers $3 trillion _____ is a large part of the GDP - Answers Public sector Government spending directly impacts - Answers Economic activity Federal gov responsibilities - Answers National policies, defense, foreign affairs State gov responsibilities - Answers Education, healthcare, transportation Local gov responsibilities - Answers Public safety, sanitation, utilities, zoning Public Sector - Answers •Focus on public interest, equity, accountability •Funded by taxation •Services often monopolistic (e.g., police) Private Sector - Answers •Driven by profit and competition •Funded by sales/revenue Services depend on demand and affordability Nonprofits - Answers •Often partner with the government •Provide services such as education, healthcare, social work •Funded by grants, donations, and contracts •Complement government services, fill service gaps Government Workforce - Answers Largest employer in the US Diverse roles across federal, state, and local levels Includes teachers, police, firefighters, civil servants, and more What are the core values of public admin? - Answers Efficiency Effectiveness Equity Accountability Ethics Challenges in Public Administration - Answers •Balancing limited resources with increasing demands •Ensuring accountability and transparency •Managing political pressures and public opinion •Adapting to technology and modernization •Addressing crises: natural disasters, pandemics, economic downturns Classical Management Movement emphasized - Answers Efficiency, hierarchy and structure Frederick Taylor - Answers Scientific Management Max Weber - Answers Bureaucracy Four Principles of Scientific Management - Answers •1. Replace rule-of-thumb methods with scientific study •2. Select, train, and develop workers scientifically •3. Ensure cooperation between management and workers •4. Divide work between managers (planning) and workers (execution) Taylor's Time and Motion Studies - Answers •Sought to determine the most efficient way to complete tasks •Used stopwatches and observation to track worker motions •Eliminated unnecessary steps to increase productivity •Criticized for treating workers as machines •Legacy: inspired modern performance management tools Frank and Lillian Gilbreth - Answers -Conducted time-and-motion studies -Reduced unnecessary motions in factory tasks -Focus on efficiency and fatigue reduction -Co-authored works such as *Fatigue Study* (1919) Max Weber: Bureaucracy - Answers •Hierarchical authority structure •Division of labor and specialization •Formal rules and regulations •Impersonality in decision-making •Merit-based advancement •Strength: consistency and fairness Weakness: rigidity and inefficiency Human Relations Movement - Answers •Mary Parker Follett: importance of group processes •Abraham Maslow: hierarchy of needs (motivation) •Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y Mary Parker Follett: Human Relations - Answers •Emphasized collaboration and group dynamics •Believed managers should empower workers •Advocated 'power with' instead of 'power over' •Early voice in participatory management •Legacy: foundation for democratic and inclusive workplaces Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs - Answers •Motivation theory explaining human needs •Levels: physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization •Workers must meet lower needs before focusing on higher ones •Implication: management must consider employee well-being Douglas McGregor: Theory X & Theory Y - Answers •Theory X: workers dislike work, need strict supervision •Theory Y: workers enjoy responsibility, are self-motivated •Encouraged managers to rethink assumptions about employees •Legacy: influenced modern leadership and management styles Contingency Theory - Answers no one best way; depends on situation Systems Theory - Answers organizations as interdependent parts New Public Management - Answers efficiency, accountability, results