ABFM\ American Board of Family Medicine Care of
Vulnerable Eldery | 100% Correct and Verified Questions and
Answers Already Graded A+ | 2026\2027 Guide
Muscle strength in elderly
-Correct Answer- -declines by 15% per decade after 50
-by 30% per decade after age 70
-resistance training can prevent this 20-100%
-need 10-15 reps
balance programs
-Correct Answer- -improve stability
-decrease risk of falls
pharyngeal dysphasia
-Correct Answer- -sxs - weight loss, food sticking, coughing, choking
-risk of aspiration
-food dribbling frm mouth
-can refer to upper chest but RARELY LOWER
-nasal quality of voice due to nasal regurg or soft palate insufficiency
Activities of Daily Living (ADLS)
-Correct Answer- eating, drinking, ambulating, taking meds, personal hygiene, position
changing (bed or chair)
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLS)
-Correct Answer- meal prep, telephone, shopping, laundry, making/keeping
appointments, writing letters, taking part in social activities, driving, arranging transport
Weight Loss in elderly
-Correct Answer- -assess for anorexia or increased metabolic requirements (fever,
infection, chronic skin wounds)
-anorexia may be due dysphagia, chewing probs, n/v/d, pain or fecal impaction
-Assess hydration status
-obtain geriatric depression scale
-If all else fails, then feeding tube; but non-invasive first
Delirum
-Correct Answer- -can be cause of involuntary weight loss
-reversal can reverse appetite
, How to increase dietary intake in elderly
-Correct Answer- -calorie dense food
-exercise
-supplementation - do b/w meals rather than with meals
Techniques to improve communication with patients with hearing loss
-Correct Answer- -use handheld amplifier
-reduce background noise
-longer phrases easier for those with hearing impairment - provide more clues than
shorter phrases
-seeing speaker provides cues, face the patient, ensure vision is corrected
Relieve pain and improve function in osteoarthritis
-Correct Answer- -supervised exercise improves pain and exercise
-NSAIDS more effective than acetaminophen for initial treatment, safety concerns may
limit use
-Celecoxib may not offer much GI protection even in the younger gen
-studies shown benefits from assistive devices
-joint replacement can provide pain relief and functional status, may be appropriate
nonsurgical measures to reduce pain or improve function
Risks for falls
-Correct Answer- -alcohol consumption
-orthostatic hypotension
-detect and treat gait/balance disorders, reduce risk of falls
-visual impairment increases risk
-CV disease is not major risk factor unless syncope is involved - stress testing not
helpful
Acute Intestinal Ischemia
-Correct Answer- Presents w/ significant pain in absence of physical findings
-Hx of cv disease - think widespread vascular involvement
-Elderly with low flow states due to cardiac events can have abd pain due
to nonocclusive bowel ischemia
-Can be caused by vasoconstrictors - triptans, ergots, vasopressin, NE, cocaine
-Tx underlying condition first, if no improvement - Dx with Arteriography
Vulnerable Eldery | 100% Correct and Verified Questions and
Answers Already Graded A+ | 2026\2027 Guide
Muscle strength in elderly
-Correct Answer- -declines by 15% per decade after 50
-by 30% per decade after age 70
-resistance training can prevent this 20-100%
-need 10-15 reps
balance programs
-Correct Answer- -improve stability
-decrease risk of falls
pharyngeal dysphasia
-Correct Answer- -sxs - weight loss, food sticking, coughing, choking
-risk of aspiration
-food dribbling frm mouth
-can refer to upper chest but RARELY LOWER
-nasal quality of voice due to nasal regurg or soft palate insufficiency
Activities of Daily Living (ADLS)
-Correct Answer- eating, drinking, ambulating, taking meds, personal hygiene, position
changing (bed or chair)
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLS)
-Correct Answer- meal prep, telephone, shopping, laundry, making/keeping
appointments, writing letters, taking part in social activities, driving, arranging transport
Weight Loss in elderly
-Correct Answer- -assess for anorexia or increased metabolic requirements (fever,
infection, chronic skin wounds)
-anorexia may be due dysphagia, chewing probs, n/v/d, pain or fecal impaction
-Assess hydration status
-obtain geriatric depression scale
-If all else fails, then feeding tube; but non-invasive first
Delirum
-Correct Answer- -can be cause of involuntary weight loss
-reversal can reverse appetite
, How to increase dietary intake in elderly
-Correct Answer- -calorie dense food
-exercise
-supplementation - do b/w meals rather than with meals
Techniques to improve communication with patients with hearing loss
-Correct Answer- -use handheld amplifier
-reduce background noise
-longer phrases easier for those with hearing impairment - provide more clues than
shorter phrases
-seeing speaker provides cues, face the patient, ensure vision is corrected
Relieve pain and improve function in osteoarthritis
-Correct Answer- -supervised exercise improves pain and exercise
-NSAIDS more effective than acetaminophen for initial treatment, safety concerns may
limit use
-Celecoxib may not offer much GI protection even in the younger gen
-studies shown benefits from assistive devices
-joint replacement can provide pain relief and functional status, may be appropriate
nonsurgical measures to reduce pain or improve function
Risks for falls
-Correct Answer- -alcohol consumption
-orthostatic hypotension
-detect and treat gait/balance disorders, reduce risk of falls
-visual impairment increases risk
-CV disease is not major risk factor unless syncope is involved - stress testing not
helpful
Acute Intestinal Ischemia
-Correct Answer- Presents w/ significant pain in absence of physical findings
-Hx of cv disease - think widespread vascular involvement
-Elderly with low flow states due to cardiac events can have abd pain due
to nonocclusive bowel ischemia
-Can be caused by vasoconstrictors - triptans, ergots, vasopressin, NE, cocaine
-Tx underlying condition first, if no improvement - Dx with Arteriography
