Fundamentals Final Exam Review
Questions And Answers
/.Which organization can require nurses to take continuing education courses as a
condition of licensure renewal?
Select one:
a. American Nurses Association
b. National League for Nursing
c. Sigma Theta Tau
d. State Board of Nursing
/.Which of the following best explains the importance of standards of practice?
Select one:
a. Nurses and other healthcare providers have the same standards of practice
b. Standard of practice only apply to nurses who work in hospital settings.
c. Standards of practice identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes nurses need to
provide safe care
d. Standards of practice differ among registered nurses because the roles are different
based on the population they serve.
/.Which of the following best describes the legal definition of a nurse? Assume all
education programs are accredited.
Select one:
a. Graduate of a nursing education program and has passed the National Council
Licensure Exam
b. Person with advanced training and certified to administer medications in most
healthcare settings
c. Graduate licensed to practice in an acute care setting or a home care environment
d. Graduate with advanced education licensed to practice under the direct supervision
of a physician
/.A patient who is being discharged asks the nurse, "Can I take you out for dinner to
show my appreciation for all that you have done for me? I really like you." The nurse's
best response is which of the following?
Select one:
a. "Yes, that would be nice. It is really great to be appreciated."
b. "No, and please do not ask again. You should have been told that already."
c. "Thank you; however, I have to refuse, even though the thought is appreciated."
d. "We will have to wait 3 days after you have been discharged to have a relationship." -
Answer-✅Thank you; however, I have to refuse, even though the thought is
appreciated.
,/.Which of the following concepts refers to conflicts that arise between two or more
ethical principles in patient care scenarios?
Select one:
a. Nursing ethics
b. Bioethics
c. Ethical dilemma
d. Moral distress
/.A mentally competent patient has an extremely low blood count and will likely die
without a blood transfusion. The patient knows the risk, but continues to refuse the
blood. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
Select one:
a. Assume the patient is confused and give the blood anyway.
b. Request a psychological evaluation to ensure that the patient understands the risk.
c. Request a psychological evaluation to ensure that the patient understands the risk.
d. Follow the patient's wishes and do not administer a blood transfusion.
/.Confidentiality will be maintained by a nurse who believes in and values the ethical
principle of:
Select one:
a. Fidelity
b. Veracity
c. Beneficence
d. Autonomy
/.A 60-year-old patient with a treatable form of breast cancer has decided not to pursue
radiation or chemotherapy. The nurse believes that the patient should be treated. She
coerces her into receiving treatment by continuing to remind the patient about her
responsibilities for raising her children. What type of behavior has the nurse displayed?
Select one:
a. Autonomy
b. Paternalism
c. Non-maleficense
d. Beneficence
/.The nurse believes that abortion is murder, of the unborn child. While at work, the
nurse is assigned a woman with septicemia following an abortion. Which concept most
specifically requires the nurse to provide high-quality care for this patient?
Select one:
a. Ethics
b. Morals
c. Bioethics
d. Nursing Ethics
,/.A pregnant 15-year-old girl presents to the emergency department (ED) of the local
private hospital. She has been transported by her mother and appears to be in active
labor. The girl is crying uncontrollably and says she is scared and experiencing painful
contractions. Her mother states, "We don't have any money or insurance, but this
hospital is closer than the public hospital, and she needs help now." What is the first
step that the ED staff should take?
Select one:
a. Inform her mother that she will need to transport her daughter to the nearest public
hospital.
b. Examine her to determine whether her condition is stable or whether she requires
immediate medical attention.
c. Explain to the girl and her mother that the hospital only accepts patients who can pay
the hospital bill.
d. Arrange for an ambulance to transport her to the nearest public hospital.
/.An 87-year-old patient has just been diagnosed with cancer. Her durable power of
attorney names her son as her surrogate decision maker. He arrives at the patient's
bedside to discuss treatment options with her. The patient is alert and oriented. Her son
tells you that he does not want her to receive any treatment (chemotherapy) because of
the side effects and her age. The patient tells you that she wants to try the treatment.
Which decision should be followed by the nurse?
Select one:
a. The patient
b. The patient's son
c. Both
d. Neither
/.Upon initial assessment of a 75-year-old patient, you identify bruises and scratches on
the patient's arms, legs, and trunk in various stages of healing. You notify your
supervisor when you suspect the patient may be a victim of physical abuse. You are
complying with which of the following state laws?
Select one:
a. Good Samaritan Law
b. Mandatory Reporting Law
c. Nurse Practice Act
d. Nursing Standards of Practice
/.Nursing codes of ethics support which of the following?
Select one:
a. Patients can receive emergency treatment regardless of their ability to pay.
b. Nurses will educate patients about advance directives.
c. Nurses with HIV must disclose their condition to their employer.
d. Patients have the right to dignity, privacy, and safety. - Answer-✅Patients have the
right to dignity, privacy, and safety.
, /.The nurse is admitting to the medical-surgical unit an older adult woman with a
diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure. The patient is
complaining of shortness of breath, and the nurse observes conversational dyspnea.
What is the first action the nurse should take?
Select one:
a. Review and implement the primary care provider's prescriptions for treatments.
b. Perform a quick physical examination of breathing, circulation, and oxygenation.
c. Gather a thorough medical history, including current symptoms, from the family.
d. Administer oxygen to the patient through a nasal cannula. - Answer-✅Perform a
quick physical examination of breathing, circulation, and oxygenation.
/.You are caring for a young adult patient with an intracranial hemorrhage secondary to
a closed head injury. During your assessment, you notice that the patient's respirations
follow a cycle progressively increasing in depth, then progressively decreasing in depth,
followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following appropriately describes this
respiratory pattern?
Select one:
a. Biot's breathing
b. Kussmaul's respirations
c. Sleep apnea
d. Cheyne-Stokes respirations - Answer-✅Cheyne-Stokes respirations
/.A 62-year-old man with emphysema says, "My doctor wants me to quit smoking. It's
too late now, though; I already have lung problems." Which of the following would be the
best response to his statement?
Select one:
a. "You should quit so your family does not get sick from exposure to secondhand
smoke."
b. "You will need to use oxygen, but remember it is a fire hazard to smoke with oxygen
in your home."
c. "Once you stop smoking, your body will begin to repair some of the damage to your
lungs."
d. "You should ask your primary care provider for a prescription for a nicotine patch to
help you quit." - Answer-✅Once you stop smoking, your body will begin to repair some
of the damage to your lungs.
/.The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia, teaching him or her how
to cough and deep-breathe. The patient asks, "Why is drinking fluids so important?"
What is the nurse's best response?
Select one:
a. "The doctor ordered increased fluid intake."
b. "Fluids prevent pathogens from growing in your lungs."
c. "Fluids help to flush infection away so it doesn't grow in your lungs."
d. "Fluids make secretions thin, making them easier to cough up." - Answer-✅Fluids
make secretions thin, making them easier to cough up
Questions And Answers
/.Which organization can require nurses to take continuing education courses as a
condition of licensure renewal?
Select one:
a. American Nurses Association
b. National League for Nursing
c. Sigma Theta Tau
d. State Board of Nursing
/.Which of the following best explains the importance of standards of practice?
Select one:
a. Nurses and other healthcare providers have the same standards of practice
b. Standard of practice only apply to nurses who work in hospital settings.
c. Standards of practice identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes nurses need to
provide safe care
d. Standards of practice differ among registered nurses because the roles are different
based on the population they serve.
/.Which of the following best describes the legal definition of a nurse? Assume all
education programs are accredited.
Select one:
a. Graduate of a nursing education program and has passed the National Council
Licensure Exam
b. Person with advanced training and certified to administer medications in most
healthcare settings
c. Graduate licensed to practice in an acute care setting or a home care environment
d. Graduate with advanced education licensed to practice under the direct supervision
of a physician
/.A patient who is being discharged asks the nurse, "Can I take you out for dinner to
show my appreciation for all that you have done for me? I really like you." The nurse's
best response is which of the following?
Select one:
a. "Yes, that would be nice. It is really great to be appreciated."
b. "No, and please do not ask again. You should have been told that already."
c. "Thank you; however, I have to refuse, even though the thought is appreciated."
d. "We will have to wait 3 days after you have been discharged to have a relationship." -
Answer-✅Thank you; however, I have to refuse, even though the thought is
appreciated.
,/.Which of the following concepts refers to conflicts that arise between two or more
ethical principles in patient care scenarios?
Select one:
a. Nursing ethics
b. Bioethics
c. Ethical dilemma
d. Moral distress
/.A mentally competent patient has an extremely low blood count and will likely die
without a blood transfusion. The patient knows the risk, but continues to refuse the
blood. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
Select one:
a. Assume the patient is confused and give the blood anyway.
b. Request a psychological evaluation to ensure that the patient understands the risk.
c. Request a psychological evaluation to ensure that the patient understands the risk.
d. Follow the patient's wishes and do not administer a blood transfusion.
/.Confidentiality will be maintained by a nurse who believes in and values the ethical
principle of:
Select one:
a. Fidelity
b. Veracity
c. Beneficence
d. Autonomy
/.A 60-year-old patient with a treatable form of breast cancer has decided not to pursue
radiation or chemotherapy. The nurse believes that the patient should be treated. She
coerces her into receiving treatment by continuing to remind the patient about her
responsibilities for raising her children. What type of behavior has the nurse displayed?
Select one:
a. Autonomy
b. Paternalism
c. Non-maleficense
d. Beneficence
/.The nurse believes that abortion is murder, of the unborn child. While at work, the
nurse is assigned a woman with septicemia following an abortion. Which concept most
specifically requires the nurse to provide high-quality care for this patient?
Select one:
a. Ethics
b. Morals
c. Bioethics
d. Nursing Ethics
,/.A pregnant 15-year-old girl presents to the emergency department (ED) of the local
private hospital. She has been transported by her mother and appears to be in active
labor. The girl is crying uncontrollably and says she is scared and experiencing painful
contractions. Her mother states, "We don't have any money or insurance, but this
hospital is closer than the public hospital, and she needs help now." What is the first
step that the ED staff should take?
Select one:
a. Inform her mother that she will need to transport her daughter to the nearest public
hospital.
b. Examine her to determine whether her condition is stable or whether she requires
immediate medical attention.
c. Explain to the girl and her mother that the hospital only accepts patients who can pay
the hospital bill.
d. Arrange for an ambulance to transport her to the nearest public hospital.
/.An 87-year-old patient has just been diagnosed with cancer. Her durable power of
attorney names her son as her surrogate decision maker. He arrives at the patient's
bedside to discuss treatment options with her. The patient is alert and oriented. Her son
tells you that he does not want her to receive any treatment (chemotherapy) because of
the side effects and her age. The patient tells you that she wants to try the treatment.
Which decision should be followed by the nurse?
Select one:
a. The patient
b. The patient's son
c. Both
d. Neither
/.Upon initial assessment of a 75-year-old patient, you identify bruises and scratches on
the patient's arms, legs, and trunk in various stages of healing. You notify your
supervisor when you suspect the patient may be a victim of physical abuse. You are
complying with which of the following state laws?
Select one:
a. Good Samaritan Law
b. Mandatory Reporting Law
c. Nurse Practice Act
d. Nursing Standards of Practice
/.Nursing codes of ethics support which of the following?
Select one:
a. Patients can receive emergency treatment regardless of their ability to pay.
b. Nurses will educate patients about advance directives.
c. Nurses with HIV must disclose their condition to their employer.
d. Patients have the right to dignity, privacy, and safety. - Answer-✅Patients have the
right to dignity, privacy, and safety.
, /.The nurse is admitting to the medical-surgical unit an older adult woman with a
diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure. The patient is
complaining of shortness of breath, and the nurse observes conversational dyspnea.
What is the first action the nurse should take?
Select one:
a. Review and implement the primary care provider's prescriptions for treatments.
b. Perform a quick physical examination of breathing, circulation, and oxygenation.
c. Gather a thorough medical history, including current symptoms, from the family.
d. Administer oxygen to the patient through a nasal cannula. - Answer-✅Perform a
quick physical examination of breathing, circulation, and oxygenation.
/.You are caring for a young adult patient with an intracranial hemorrhage secondary to
a closed head injury. During your assessment, you notice that the patient's respirations
follow a cycle progressively increasing in depth, then progressively decreasing in depth,
followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following appropriately describes this
respiratory pattern?
Select one:
a. Biot's breathing
b. Kussmaul's respirations
c. Sleep apnea
d. Cheyne-Stokes respirations - Answer-✅Cheyne-Stokes respirations
/.A 62-year-old man with emphysema says, "My doctor wants me to quit smoking. It's
too late now, though; I already have lung problems." Which of the following would be the
best response to his statement?
Select one:
a. "You should quit so your family does not get sick from exposure to secondhand
smoke."
b. "You will need to use oxygen, but remember it is a fire hazard to smoke with oxygen
in your home."
c. "Once you stop smoking, your body will begin to repair some of the damage to your
lungs."
d. "You should ask your primary care provider for a prescription for a nicotine patch to
help you quit." - Answer-✅Once you stop smoking, your body will begin to repair some
of the damage to your lungs.
/.The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia, teaching him or her how
to cough and deep-breathe. The patient asks, "Why is drinking fluids so important?"
What is the nurse's best response?
Select one:
a. "The doctor ordered increased fluid intake."
b. "Fluids prevent pathogens from growing in your lungs."
c. "Fluids help to flush infection away so it doesn't grow in your lungs."
d. "Fluids make secretions thin, making them easier to cough up." - Answer-✅Fluids
make secretions thin, making them easier to cough up
