NSG 6420 WEEK 10 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
EXAM PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
⩥ COPD Stage II. Answer: MODERATE
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 50-80%
SOB with exertion
Cough and sputum production present
⩥ COPD Stage III. Answer: SEVERE
FEV1/FVC < 70%
FEV1 30-50%
Greater SOB
Reduced exercise capacity
Fatigue
Repeated exacerbations with impact on QOL
⩥ COPD Stage IV. Answer: VERY SEVERE
FEV1/FVC<70%
FEV1<30%
,Resp. Failure
Cor Pulmonale (elevation of JVP and pitting ankle edema)
QOL very impaired
Exacerbations may be life threatening
⩥ How does FEV1 decrease?. Answer: Inflammation
Narrowing of peripheral airways
Airway collapse in severe emphysema
⩥ COPD diagnosis?. Answer: SPIROMETRY is key
⩥ Primarily Inflammatory with superimposed bronchospasm. Answer:
Asthma
⩥ Most common chronic respiratory disorder among all age groups.
Answer: Asthma
⩥ Atophy. Answer: exaggerated IgE mediated immune response; all
atophic disorders are type I hypersensitivity disorders
⩥ Type I hypersensitivity reaction. Answer: Immediate hypersensitivity
IgE-mediated
, Antigen binds to IgE that is bound to tissue mast cells and blood
basophils, triggering release of preformed mediators (histamine,
proteases, chemotactic factors) and synthesis of other mediators
(prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, cytokines)
-causes vasodilation, increased cap. permeability, mucus hypersecretion
**atopic disorders (allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis), anaphylaxis,
some cases of angioedema, urticarial, and latex and some food allergies
**Develop <1h after exposure to antigen
⩥ Allergic triad of symptoms. Answer: allergies, eczema, and asthma
⩥ Samter's Triad. Answer: Nasal polyps, asthma, and ASA allergy
⩥ Most common symptom of asthma. Answer: wheezing
⩥ Common only symptom of asthma?. Answer: Cough
-can often delay dx of asthma
AKA cough variant asthma
⩥ Best way to confirm asthma dx?. Answer: bronchial provocation
⩥ Intermittent asthma. Answer: sx </2days/week
PM awakenings </2/month
EXAM PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
⩥ COPD Stage II. Answer: MODERATE
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 50-80%
SOB with exertion
Cough and sputum production present
⩥ COPD Stage III. Answer: SEVERE
FEV1/FVC < 70%
FEV1 30-50%
Greater SOB
Reduced exercise capacity
Fatigue
Repeated exacerbations with impact on QOL
⩥ COPD Stage IV. Answer: VERY SEVERE
FEV1/FVC<70%
FEV1<30%
,Resp. Failure
Cor Pulmonale (elevation of JVP and pitting ankle edema)
QOL very impaired
Exacerbations may be life threatening
⩥ How does FEV1 decrease?. Answer: Inflammation
Narrowing of peripheral airways
Airway collapse in severe emphysema
⩥ COPD diagnosis?. Answer: SPIROMETRY is key
⩥ Primarily Inflammatory with superimposed bronchospasm. Answer:
Asthma
⩥ Most common chronic respiratory disorder among all age groups.
Answer: Asthma
⩥ Atophy. Answer: exaggerated IgE mediated immune response; all
atophic disorders are type I hypersensitivity disorders
⩥ Type I hypersensitivity reaction. Answer: Immediate hypersensitivity
IgE-mediated
, Antigen binds to IgE that is bound to tissue mast cells and blood
basophils, triggering release of preformed mediators (histamine,
proteases, chemotactic factors) and synthesis of other mediators
(prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, cytokines)
-causes vasodilation, increased cap. permeability, mucus hypersecretion
**atopic disorders (allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis), anaphylaxis,
some cases of angioedema, urticarial, and latex and some food allergies
**Develop <1h after exposure to antigen
⩥ Allergic triad of symptoms. Answer: allergies, eczema, and asthma
⩥ Samter's Triad. Answer: Nasal polyps, asthma, and ASA allergy
⩥ Most common symptom of asthma. Answer: wheezing
⩥ Common only symptom of asthma?. Answer: Cough
-can often delay dx of asthma
AKA cough variant asthma
⩥ Best way to confirm asthma dx?. Answer: bronchial provocation
⩥ Intermittent asthma. Answer: sx </2days/week
PM awakenings </2/month
