NUR 419 Exam 1 Questions And
Answers
/.Pharmacodynamics - Answer-✅The study of what the drug does to the body
/.Pharmacokinetics - Answer-✅- The body's response to the drug
- Involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
/.Single nucleotide polymorphisms - Answer-✅- Variation in a DNA sequence the
difference between members of a species or pair of chromosomes in an individual
- Reason why different people react differently to the same medication
/.Mutations affecting metabolism of warfarin - Answer-✅- Poor metabolism: don't have
the ability to metabolize the drug
- Ultra rapid metabolism: more of the drug is metabolized
- Extensive metabolizers: patients will bleed more often
- Intermediate metabolizers: have one loss of function allele
/.Over the counter medications - Answer-✅- Bought without a prescription
- Considered safe and useful when used as directed
/.Concerns with over-the-counter medications - Answer-✅- Can mask underlying
disease
- Can result in interactions with other drugs
/.Herbal an alternative therapies - Answer-✅- Not regulated by the FDA, active
ingredient not tested by the FDA
- Incidental ingredients are unknown
/.Generic name of a drug - Answer-✅- Given one going through the approval process
- Will stay with the drug no matter what company is making it
- Prescriptions will default to the generic drug unless DAW is indicated
/.Brand/trade name of a drug - Answer-✅- Given by pharmaceutical companies that
develop the drug
- And be developed by one company
- Need to write DAW if you want the brand-name to be filled
,/.Pure food and drug act - Answer-✅Required labeling to illuminate false or misleading
claims
/.Federal food, drug and cosmetic - Answer-✅- Mandated Tests for drug toxicity and
provided means for a recall of drugs
- Establish procedures for introducing new drugs
/.Durham Humphrey amendment - Answer-✅Required specific drugs to be labeled and
required prescriptions
/.Kefauver-Harris Act - Answer-✅- Tightened control over the quality of drugs
- Stated that advocacy as well as safety of drugs had to be established
/.Controlled substances act - Answer-✅Defined drug abuse and classified drugs to their
potential for abuse
/.Orphan drug act - Answer-✅Provided Incentives for the development of orphan drugs
for treatment of rare
/.Pre-clinical trials - Answer-✅- Chemicals tested on lab animals
- Tested on living tissue to determine bad adverse effects
/.Phase 1 studies - Answer-✅- Chemicals tested on human volunteers who are healthy
and without disease
- Looking for adverse effects
/.Phase 2 studies - Answer-✅- Drug trade on informed patients suffering from disease
- Looking for adverse effects, effectiveness of the drug
- Assessing benefit/risk ratio
/.Phase 3 studies - Answer-✅- Drug used on vast clinical market
/.Drug passes phase 3 studies - Answer-✅- Drug formally approved by the FDA, official
label created for indications
- Can be formally prescribed
/.Phase four studies - Answer-✅Drug Continuously assessed and evaluated
/.Factors affecting the ability of a drug to cross the placenta - Answer-✅- Lipid soluble
- Small
- Non-ionized
- Free/not protein-bound
/.Fast drugs - Answer-✅- Drugs targeting serious illness, show a lot of promise
, - Not a therapy for that disease so the drug is fast tracked because there's nothing else
to help the people suffering
- Shows promise in phase 3 and offer therapy that is not yet available
/.Breakthrough status - Answer-✅- Shows promise in phase earlier than three, treat
serious disease that has no current therapy
/.Orphan drug - Answer-✅No financially viable options since the disease is so rare,
provides incentives for a pharmaceutical company is to create a drug
/.Off label use of medication - Answer-✅- Use of drug for indication that is not approved
by the FDA
- Commonly takes place in groups of patients who there is little pre-marketing testing on
- This is legal, need to document why you're using the drug and Why your prescribing
the off label use
/.Specificity - Answer-✅Receptor sites only allow certain chemicals to react
/.Affinity - Answer-✅Better fit between receptor and chemical, more pronounced
reaction
/.Saturation - Answer-✅All sites are bound
/.Chirality - Answer-✅Drug exists in two forms with mirror image special arrangements
which affect interaction with receptors
/.Competition - Answer-✅When more than one type of chemical combine to the site
/.Agonists - Answer-✅Can hit, has great affinity for and hits a receptor and stimulates a
response
/.Antagonists - Answer-✅Drug that displays in affinity and does not elicit a response
/.Gated ion channels - Answer-✅Open or close channels to allow certain ions to pass
through cell membranes
/.Transmembranous receptor - Answer-✅- Has its ligand binding domain on the cell
surface
- Find something on the surface but causes a change on the inside
/.GPCR - Answer-✅- Generate intracellular second messengers
- Cause second messengers inside of cell to change something structurally inside of the
cell
Answers
/.Pharmacodynamics - Answer-✅The study of what the drug does to the body
/.Pharmacokinetics - Answer-✅- The body's response to the drug
- Involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
/.Single nucleotide polymorphisms - Answer-✅- Variation in a DNA sequence the
difference between members of a species or pair of chromosomes in an individual
- Reason why different people react differently to the same medication
/.Mutations affecting metabolism of warfarin - Answer-✅- Poor metabolism: don't have
the ability to metabolize the drug
- Ultra rapid metabolism: more of the drug is metabolized
- Extensive metabolizers: patients will bleed more often
- Intermediate metabolizers: have one loss of function allele
/.Over the counter medications - Answer-✅- Bought without a prescription
- Considered safe and useful when used as directed
/.Concerns with over-the-counter medications - Answer-✅- Can mask underlying
disease
- Can result in interactions with other drugs
/.Herbal an alternative therapies - Answer-✅- Not regulated by the FDA, active
ingredient not tested by the FDA
- Incidental ingredients are unknown
/.Generic name of a drug - Answer-✅- Given one going through the approval process
- Will stay with the drug no matter what company is making it
- Prescriptions will default to the generic drug unless DAW is indicated
/.Brand/trade name of a drug - Answer-✅- Given by pharmaceutical companies that
develop the drug
- And be developed by one company
- Need to write DAW if you want the brand-name to be filled
,/.Pure food and drug act - Answer-✅Required labeling to illuminate false or misleading
claims
/.Federal food, drug and cosmetic - Answer-✅- Mandated Tests for drug toxicity and
provided means for a recall of drugs
- Establish procedures for introducing new drugs
/.Durham Humphrey amendment - Answer-✅Required specific drugs to be labeled and
required prescriptions
/.Kefauver-Harris Act - Answer-✅- Tightened control over the quality of drugs
- Stated that advocacy as well as safety of drugs had to be established
/.Controlled substances act - Answer-✅Defined drug abuse and classified drugs to their
potential for abuse
/.Orphan drug act - Answer-✅Provided Incentives for the development of orphan drugs
for treatment of rare
/.Pre-clinical trials - Answer-✅- Chemicals tested on lab animals
- Tested on living tissue to determine bad adverse effects
/.Phase 1 studies - Answer-✅- Chemicals tested on human volunteers who are healthy
and without disease
- Looking for adverse effects
/.Phase 2 studies - Answer-✅- Drug trade on informed patients suffering from disease
- Looking for adverse effects, effectiveness of the drug
- Assessing benefit/risk ratio
/.Phase 3 studies - Answer-✅- Drug used on vast clinical market
/.Drug passes phase 3 studies - Answer-✅- Drug formally approved by the FDA, official
label created for indications
- Can be formally prescribed
/.Phase four studies - Answer-✅Drug Continuously assessed and evaluated
/.Factors affecting the ability of a drug to cross the placenta - Answer-✅- Lipid soluble
- Small
- Non-ionized
- Free/not protein-bound
/.Fast drugs - Answer-✅- Drugs targeting serious illness, show a lot of promise
, - Not a therapy for that disease so the drug is fast tracked because there's nothing else
to help the people suffering
- Shows promise in phase 3 and offer therapy that is not yet available
/.Breakthrough status - Answer-✅- Shows promise in phase earlier than three, treat
serious disease that has no current therapy
/.Orphan drug - Answer-✅No financially viable options since the disease is so rare,
provides incentives for a pharmaceutical company is to create a drug
/.Off label use of medication - Answer-✅- Use of drug for indication that is not approved
by the FDA
- Commonly takes place in groups of patients who there is little pre-marketing testing on
- This is legal, need to document why you're using the drug and Why your prescribing
the off label use
/.Specificity - Answer-✅Receptor sites only allow certain chemicals to react
/.Affinity - Answer-✅Better fit between receptor and chemical, more pronounced
reaction
/.Saturation - Answer-✅All sites are bound
/.Chirality - Answer-✅Drug exists in two forms with mirror image special arrangements
which affect interaction with receptors
/.Competition - Answer-✅When more than one type of chemical combine to the site
/.Agonists - Answer-✅Can hit, has great affinity for and hits a receptor and stimulates a
response
/.Antagonists - Answer-✅Drug that displays in affinity and does not elicit a response
/.Gated ion channels - Answer-✅Open or close channels to allow certain ions to pass
through cell membranes
/.Transmembranous receptor - Answer-✅- Has its ligand binding domain on the cell
surface
- Find something on the surface but causes a change on the inside
/.GPCR - Answer-✅- Generate intracellular second messengers
- Cause second messengers inside of cell to change something structurally inside of the
cell
