NSPN 7150 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Properties of pretem milk . Answer: Preterm milk is higher in protein
and anti-infective properties to meet the need of preterm infants.
◉ Three stages of lactation . Answer: Stage I—Most women begin to
produce colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about 2-4
days after birth
Stage II—the onset of copious milk secretion after birth (days 2-3 to 8
postpartum)
Stage III—secretion of mature milk
◉ properties of colostrum . Answer: 3rd trimester to day 2-3
It has high density and low volume, which is perfect for newborn
stomach capacity. It also is very high in immunoglobulins, especially
IgA.
Lactose, which prevents hypoglycemia, helps secrete meconium,
Whey/Casein, all 10 amino acids and high levels of stem cells.
◉ When is fat content in milk the highest? . Answer: At night, but there
is less of it. There is more milk in the morning.
,◉ foremilk / hidmilk . Answer: Foremilk (95% of volume)/hindmilk
(5% of volume)
◉ does the maternal diet effect the milk? . Answer: The total amount of
fat in the mother's diet does not affect the amount of fat in human milk,
but the types of fat in her diet influence the fatty acids in her human
milk.
◉ How does the infant change the type of milk it needs? . Answer: The
infant's salivary amylase fine-tunes what is in the breast milk to provide
exactly what the infant needs.
◉ Does illness in the mother matter to the infant? . Answer: The
mother's immune system will create antibodies in response to pathogens
her infant is exposed to
◉ Average volume of human milk . Answer: 24 hrs: colostrum 7 -
123mls
25-96 hrs: gradual increase
Day 5: 500mls a day
Month 6: 800ml a day if fully breastfeeding
◉ What are the 4 stages of lacation? . Answer: Mammogenesis (growth
and development of the mammary gland)
,Lactogenesis (the functional change of the breasts to produce milk)
Galactopoiesis (maintaining the production of milk - Lactogenesis Stage
3)
Involution (termination of milk production)
◉ Lactogenesis I and II . Answer: 1. Under the influence of the
hormones of pregnancy, particularly prolactin, the alveolar structures
differentiate into milk-producing cells. Thus, colostrum is secreted by
the second trimester of pregnancy and is the first milk the baby receives.
Progesterone acts to inhibit the production of milk. The delivery of the
placenta—the major source of progesterone—is the trigger to initiate
milk production or lactogenesis stage II
2. This occurs 2-3 days postpartum and is the onset of copious milk
production. Mothers feel this stage as the milk "coming in.
◉ Breast lobules . Answer: Each lobe, a cluster of lobules, contains 10
to 100 alveoli, and the breast contains 15-25 lobes
◉ nutrition facts on human milk . Answer: water 87%
lactose 7%
fat 4%
protein 1%
other 1%
, ◉ why are women thirsty soon after starting to breastfeed? . Answer:
triggered by oxytocin, which is released when breastfeeding and is a
natural cue for breastfeeding women to drink enough water to hydrate
themselves and make breast milk
◉ carbohydrates in breastmilk (lactose and Oligosaccharides) . Answer:
lactose is the main one. Carbs are 7% the composition of mature milk.
which supplies 40% of the body's caloric needs. Lactose metabolizes
readily into galactose and glucose, which supply energy for brain growth
and prevent hypoglycemia. Also helps pass the meconium.
◉ how do oligosaccharides (carbohydrates) assist the baby? . Answer:
protecting the gut from harmful organisms by promoting the growth of
bifidus factors. Bifidus factors promote colonization with lactobacillus
bifidus (probiotics), increase the acidity in the intestinal environment
(prevent necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC), and inhibit the growth of
pathogenic bacteria
◉ how many protiens in human milk? . Answer: over 400
◉ 2 main types of protiens? . Answer: whey and casein
◉ whey? . Answer: Whey is a smooth protein that forms soft curds that
are quickly digested, giving a continuous supply of nutrients to the
infant = loose runny stools
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Properties of pretem milk . Answer: Preterm milk is higher in protein
and anti-infective properties to meet the need of preterm infants.
◉ Three stages of lactation . Answer: Stage I—Most women begin to
produce colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about 2-4
days after birth
Stage II—the onset of copious milk secretion after birth (days 2-3 to 8
postpartum)
Stage III—secretion of mature milk
◉ properties of colostrum . Answer: 3rd trimester to day 2-3
It has high density and low volume, which is perfect for newborn
stomach capacity. It also is very high in immunoglobulins, especially
IgA.
Lactose, which prevents hypoglycemia, helps secrete meconium,
Whey/Casein, all 10 amino acids and high levels of stem cells.
◉ When is fat content in milk the highest? . Answer: At night, but there
is less of it. There is more milk in the morning.
,◉ foremilk / hidmilk . Answer: Foremilk (95% of volume)/hindmilk
(5% of volume)
◉ does the maternal diet effect the milk? . Answer: The total amount of
fat in the mother's diet does not affect the amount of fat in human milk,
but the types of fat in her diet influence the fatty acids in her human
milk.
◉ How does the infant change the type of milk it needs? . Answer: The
infant's salivary amylase fine-tunes what is in the breast milk to provide
exactly what the infant needs.
◉ Does illness in the mother matter to the infant? . Answer: The
mother's immune system will create antibodies in response to pathogens
her infant is exposed to
◉ Average volume of human milk . Answer: 24 hrs: colostrum 7 -
123mls
25-96 hrs: gradual increase
Day 5: 500mls a day
Month 6: 800ml a day if fully breastfeeding
◉ What are the 4 stages of lacation? . Answer: Mammogenesis (growth
and development of the mammary gland)
,Lactogenesis (the functional change of the breasts to produce milk)
Galactopoiesis (maintaining the production of milk - Lactogenesis Stage
3)
Involution (termination of milk production)
◉ Lactogenesis I and II . Answer: 1. Under the influence of the
hormones of pregnancy, particularly prolactin, the alveolar structures
differentiate into milk-producing cells. Thus, colostrum is secreted by
the second trimester of pregnancy and is the first milk the baby receives.
Progesterone acts to inhibit the production of milk. The delivery of the
placenta—the major source of progesterone—is the trigger to initiate
milk production or lactogenesis stage II
2. This occurs 2-3 days postpartum and is the onset of copious milk
production. Mothers feel this stage as the milk "coming in.
◉ Breast lobules . Answer: Each lobe, a cluster of lobules, contains 10
to 100 alveoli, and the breast contains 15-25 lobes
◉ nutrition facts on human milk . Answer: water 87%
lactose 7%
fat 4%
protein 1%
other 1%
, ◉ why are women thirsty soon after starting to breastfeed? . Answer:
triggered by oxytocin, which is released when breastfeeding and is a
natural cue for breastfeeding women to drink enough water to hydrate
themselves and make breast milk
◉ carbohydrates in breastmilk (lactose and Oligosaccharides) . Answer:
lactose is the main one. Carbs are 7% the composition of mature milk.
which supplies 40% of the body's caloric needs. Lactose metabolizes
readily into galactose and glucose, which supply energy for brain growth
and prevent hypoglycemia. Also helps pass the meconium.
◉ how do oligosaccharides (carbohydrates) assist the baby? . Answer:
protecting the gut from harmful organisms by promoting the growth of
bifidus factors. Bifidus factors promote colonization with lactobacillus
bifidus (probiotics), increase the acidity in the intestinal environment
(prevent necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC), and inhibit the growth of
pathogenic bacteria
◉ how many protiens in human milk? . Answer: over 400
◉ 2 main types of protiens? . Answer: whey and casein
◉ whey? . Answer: Whey is a smooth protein that forms soft curds that
are quickly digested, giving a continuous supply of nutrients to the
infant = loose runny stools
