PHR 2500 FINAL (All Modules) EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the four stages of the Drug System? - ANSWER - research and development
- regulatory review
- manufacturing, marketing and distribution
- medication use
What are CGMPs? - ANSWER CGMP stands for Current Good Manufacturing Practice.
These regulations are enforced by the FDA and assure proper design, monitoring and
control of manufacturing processes and facilities. Adherence assures the identity,
strength, quality and purity of drug products.
Does a drug company typically spend more money on research and development or on
marketing? - ANSWER research and development
What are the four ways drug companies market drugs to health care professionals
(primarily the doctors who prescribe drugs)? What is the term for advertising to
non-healthcare professional? - ANSWER - detailing (providing info on the drug and
persuading doctors to prescribe it)
- gifting (small items such as pens or clipboards with the drug's advertisement are given
to physicians)
- samples (bringing doctors free medication samples)
- sponsoring professional meetings and events (companies will sponsor these to
continue ongoing requirements for continuing medical education)
Advertising to non-healthcare professionals is called Direct to Consumers Advertising
(DCTA).
What are the four prescription drug advertising "musts"? - ANSWER - accuracy
- balancing risk and benefit information
,- consistency with FDA approved prescribing information
- only including information that is supported by evidence or clinical experience.
What are the two classes of drug distribution in the U.S.? - ANSWER prescription drugs
and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
By permitting some drugs to be sold over-the-counter (available without a prescription
on the retailer's shelf), how does this empower patients? - ANSWER Permitting OTC
drugs empowers the consumer with a wide variety of safe and effective drugs at
competitive prices. This fills the demands of access and affordability within the
healthcare system.
What are the five components of the drug distribution process? - ANSWER 1. suppliers
(ingredients are supplied)
2. manufacturing plant (combines ingredients)
3. wholesaler distributor (products stored in a warehouse)
4. pharmacy or hospitals (order large quantities of the drugs)
5. patients (drugs are administered to them)
What does universal health care mean? Does the U.S. have universal health care? -
ANSWER Universal health care refers to a health care plan where all citizens are
entitled to receive health care services. The U.S. does not have universal healthcare.
Most health care in the U.S. is provided by which sector, public or private. Are most
hospitals for-profit or nonprofit? - ANSWER Most health care in the U.S. is provided by
the private sector and most hospitals are non-profit.
Which high-income country spends the most on health care per person? How much
does the U.S. spend annually per capita on health care? - ANSWER The U.S. spends the
most on health care per person, spending about $10,000 per capita.
Among high-income countries, on which health outcome measures does the U.S.
, perform well? On which outcomes does the U.S. perform the worst? - ANSWER The U.S.
performs well when considering cancer survival rates (treating cancer) and smoking
rates. However, our life expectancy, disease burden, overall mortality rates, health care
cost and more perform much worse compared to other countries.
Why are health care costs so high in the U.S. compared to other countries? - ANSWER
Health care costs are high in the U.S. compared to other countries because of:
- malpractice and defensive medicine
- high salaries
- insurance and administrative costs
- high drug costs
- less negotiating between insurance companies/government and healthcare providers.
What is managed care? Is this type of care common? - ANSWER Managed care is a
system of healthcare where patients agree to only visit specific doctors and hospitals
and the cost of treatment is monitored by a managing company. This type of care is
common as 75% of insured citizens have managed care.
Public health department services differ from medical care in that medical care is
directed at the health of individual patients and public health services are directed
toward _________________? - ANSWER community health
What is the difference between the inpatient and outpatient setting? - ANSWER -
Inpatient refers to a procedure that requires the patient to be admitted into the hospital
or a long term care facility.
- Outpatient refers to a procedure that does not require hospital admission but can be
done either on hospital premises or outside of hospital premises.
List at least 6 types of outpatient health care settings. - ANSWER - private practice
- hospital outpatient clinics
- telephone triage
- home care
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the four stages of the Drug System? - ANSWER - research and development
- regulatory review
- manufacturing, marketing and distribution
- medication use
What are CGMPs? - ANSWER CGMP stands for Current Good Manufacturing Practice.
These regulations are enforced by the FDA and assure proper design, monitoring and
control of manufacturing processes and facilities. Adherence assures the identity,
strength, quality and purity of drug products.
Does a drug company typically spend more money on research and development or on
marketing? - ANSWER research and development
What are the four ways drug companies market drugs to health care professionals
(primarily the doctors who prescribe drugs)? What is the term for advertising to
non-healthcare professional? - ANSWER - detailing (providing info on the drug and
persuading doctors to prescribe it)
- gifting (small items such as pens or clipboards with the drug's advertisement are given
to physicians)
- samples (bringing doctors free medication samples)
- sponsoring professional meetings and events (companies will sponsor these to
continue ongoing requirements for continuing medical education)
Advertising to non-healthcare professionals is called Direct to Consumers Advertising
(DCTA).
What are the four prescription drug advertising "musts"? - ANSWER - accuracy
- balancing risk and benefit information
,- consistency with FDA approved prescribing information
- only including information that is supported by evidence or clinical experience.
What are the two classes of drug distribution in the U.S.? - ANSWER prescription drugs
and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
By permitting some drugs to be sold over-the-counter (available without a prescription
on the retailer's shelf), how does this empower patients? - ANSWER Permitting OTC
drugs empowers the consumer with a wide variety of safe and effective drugs at
competitive prices. This fills the demands of access and affordability within the
healthcare system.
What are the five components of the drug distribution process? - ANSWER 1. suppliers
(ingredients are supplied)
2. manufacturing plant (combines ingredients)
3. wholesaler distributor (products stored in a warehouse)
4. pharmacy or hospitals (order large quantities of the drugs)
5. patients (drugs are administered to them)
What does universal health care mean? Does the U.S. have universal health care? -
ANSWER Universal health care refers to a health care plan where all citizens are
entitled to receive health care services. The U.S. does not have universal healthcare.
Most health care in the U.S. is provided by which sector, public or private. Are most
hospitals for-profit or nonprofit? - ANSWER Most health care in the U.S. is provided by
the private sector and most hospitals are non-profit.
Which high-income country spends the most on health care per person? How much
does the U.S. spend annually per capita on health care? - ANSWER The U.S. spends the
most on health care per person, spending about $10,000 per capita.
Among high-income countries, on which health outcome measures does the U.S.
, perform well? On which outcomes does the U.S. perform the worst? - ANSWER The U.S.
performs well when considering cancer survival rates (treating cancer) and smoking
rates. However, our life expectancy, disease burden, overall mortality rates, health care
cost and more perform much worse compared to other countries.
Why are health care costs so high in the U.S. compared to other countries? - ANSWER
Health care costs are high in the U.S. compared to other countries because of:
- malpractice and defensive medicine
- high salaries
- insurance and administrative costs
- high drug costs
- less negotiating between insurance companies/government and healthcare providers.
What is managed care? Is this type of care common? - ANSWER Managed care is a
system of healthcare where patients agree to only visit specific doctors and hospitals
and the cost of treatment is monitored by a managing company. This type of care is
common as 75% of insured citizens have managed care.
Public health department services differ from medical care in that medical care is
directed at the health of individual patients and public health services are directed
toward _________________? - ANSWER community health
What is the difference between the inpatient and outpatient setting? - ANSWER -
Inpatient refers to a procedure that requires the patient to be admitted into the hospital
or a long term care facility.
- Outpatient refers to a procedure that does not require hospital admission but can be
done either on hospital premises or outside of hospital premises.
List at least 6 types of outpatient health care settings. - ANSWER - private practice
- hospital outpatient clinics
- telephone triage
- home care
