NU670 Quiz 1 Review
Donepezil (Aricept) - answer Medication used to treat dementia. Does not cure, only
slows progression. Improves memory, focus, and ability to function. Enzyme blocker
works by restoring the balance of natural neurotransmitters in the brain. Cholinesterase
inhibitor that increases the concentration of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is needed for
intact memory and for learning.
Acetylcholine - answer Neurotransmitter affected by Alzheimer's Disease in the
prefrontal cortex
Confabulation - answer therapeutic fibbing
2 weeks - answer How long it takes for Donepezil (Aricept) to start working.
Cortical Dementia - answerDamage primarily affects the brain's cortex or outer layer.
Causes problems with memory, language, thinking and social behavior.
Subcortical Dementia - answerAffects parts of the brain below the cortex. Causes
changes in emotions and movement in addition to problems with memory.
Progressive Dementia - answerType of dementia that gets worse over time. No set path
that every patient follows. Will eventually interfere with more cognitive abilities and
ADLs.
Primary Dementia - answerRefers to the place of origin. Dementia that is not the result
of any other disease. AD.
Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) - answerPrimary dementia that is incurable, irreversible and
fatal. Caused by the presence of a beta-amyloid protein in the neurons resulting in
senile plaques.
Secondary Dementia - answerDementia that occurs as a result of another physical
disease or injury.
Delirium - answera state of temporary but acute mental confusion, signs; anxiety,
tremors, hallucinations, delusions, attention problems, a decline in the level of
consciousness, memory problems. A disturbance of consciousness and cognition that
develops over a short period is secondary to a medical condition. Worsen at night. Risk
of self-harm. Do not ask for rational explanations. Do not restrain them. Treat them as
adults.
, Cholinesterase inhibitors - answerA class of drugs to treat people with dementia that
help increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain. Used in mild to moderate dementia.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - answerExcessive CSF occurs in the ventricles, with
normal or slightly elevates CSF pressure. As the fluid builds up it causes the ventricles
to enlarge and the pressure inside the head to increase, compressing brain tissues and
leading to neuro complications. Triad of symptoms are dementia, urinary incontinence
and gait deviation. Relieving the cause and the symptoms are usually reversed.
Mild Alzheimer's - answerMemory loss of recent events. Difficulty remembering newly
learned information. Asking the same question over and over. Difficulty with problem
solving, complex tasks and sound judgement. Planning a family event of balancing a
check book. Changes in personality. May become subdues or withdrawn especially in
social situations or show uncharacteristic irritability or anger. Reduced motivation to
complete tasks. Difficulty organizing and expressing thoughts. Finding the right words to
describe objects or clearly express ideas. Getting lost of misplacing belongings.
Increasing difficulty finding their ways around, even in familiar places. Common to lose
or misplace things, including valuable items.
Moderate Dementia - answerIncreasingly poor judgement and deepening confusion.
May lose track of where they are, day of the week, season. Man confuse family
members, close friends with strangers. May wander making it unsafe to leave them
alone. Forget details of their personal history like address, phone numbers, where they
went to school. Repeat favorite stories or makeup stories to fill in gaps. Need help with
ADLs. Help to choose appropriate clothing for the weather, help with bathing, grooming,
using the bathroom. Some lose control of the bowel and bladder. Change in personality
and behavior. Become suspicious. Think their spouse is cheating or people are stealing
from them. Some may see or hear things that are not there.
Late stage of Alzheimer's - answerLose the ability to communicate coherently.
Speech may be absent or non-sensible
Require daily assistance with personal care.
Total assistance with ADLs, IADLs
Experience a decline in physical abilities.
Loss of ability to walk, control bowels/bladder, muscles become rigid, loss of swallow.
What are complications of hypoactive delirium - answerdecubitus
Hypoactive Delirium S/S - answerDrowsiness and inactivity
Hyperactive Delirium S/S - answerRestlessness and agitation
Agnosia - answerthe failure to identify objects despite intact sensory functions.
Apraxia - answerinability to carry out purposeful, complex movements and use objects
properly in the absence of paralysis
Donepezil (Aricept) - answer Medication used to treat dementia. Does not cure, only
slows progression. Improves memory, focus, and ability to function. Enzyme blocker
works by restoring the balance of natural neurotransmitters in the brain. Cholinesterase
inhibitor that increases the concentration of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is needed for
intact memory and for learning.
Acetylcholine - answer Neurotransmitter affected by Alzheimer's Disease in the
prefrontal cortex
Confabulation - answer therapeutic fibbing
2 weeks - answer How long it takes for Donepezil (Aricept) to start working.
Cortical Dementia - answerDamage primarily affects the brain's cortex or outer layer.
Causes problems with memory, language, thinking and social behavior.
Subcortical Dementia - answerAffects parts of the brain below the cortex. Causes
changes in emotions and movement in addition to problems with memory.
Progressive Dementia - answerType of dementia that gets worse over time. No set path
that every patient follows. Will eventually interfere with more cognitive abilities and
ADLs.
Primary Dementia - answerRefers to the place of origin. Dementia that is not the result
of any other disease. AD.
Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) - answerPrimary dementia that is incurable, irreversible and
fatal. Caused by the presence of a beta-amyloid protein in the neurons resulting in
senile plaques.
Secondary Dementia - answerDementia that occurs as a result of another physical
disease or injury.
Delirium - answera state of temporary but acute mental confusion, signs; anxiety,
tremors, hallucinations, delusions, attention problems, a decline in the level of
consciousness, memory problems. A disturbance of consciousness and cognition that
develops over a short period is secondary to a medical condition. Worsen at night. Risk
of self-harm. Do not ask for rational explanations. Do not restrain them. Treat them as
adults.
, Cholinesterase inhibitors - answerA class of drugs to treat people with dementia that
help increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain. Used in mild to moderate dementia.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - answerExcessive CSF occurs in the ventricles, with
normal or slightly elevates CSF pressure. As the fluid builds up it causes the ventricles
to enlarge and the pressure inside the head to increase, compressing brain tissues and
leading to neuro complications. Triad of symptoms are dementia, urinary incontinence
and gait deviation. Relieving the cause and the symptoms are usually reversed.
Mild Alzheimer's - answerMemory loss of recent events. Difficulty remembering newly
learned information. Asking the same question over and over. Difficulty with problem
solving, complex tasks and sound judgement. Planning a family event of balancing a
check book. Changes in personality. May become subdues or withdrawn especially in
social situations or show uncharacteristic irritability or anger. Reduced motivation to
complete tasks. Difficulty organizing and expressing thoughts. Finding the right words to
describe objects or clearly express ideas. Getting lost of misplacing belongings.
Increasing difficulty finding their ways around, even in familiar places. Common to lose
or misplace things, including valuable items.
Moderate Dementia - answerIncreasingly poor judgement and deepening confusion.
May lose track of where they are, day of the week, season. Man confuse family
members, close friends with strangers. May wander making it unsafe to leave them
alone. Forget details of their personal history like address, phone numbers, where they
went to school. Repeat favorite stories or makeup stories to fill in gaps. Need help with
ADLs. Help to choose appropriate clothing for the weather, help with bathing, grooming,
using the bathroom. Some lose control of the bowel and bladder. Change in personality
and behavior. Become suspicious. Think their spouse is cheating or people are stealing
from them. Some may see or hear things that are not there.
Late stage of Alzheimer's - answerLose the ability to communicate coherently.
Speech may be absent or non-sensible
Require daily assistance with personal care.
Total assistance with ADLs, IADLs
Experience a decline in physical abilities.
Loss of ability to walk, control bowels/bladder, muscles become rigid, loss of swallow.
What are complications of hypoactive delirium - answerdecubitus
Hypoactive Delirium S/S - answerDrowsiness and inactivity
Hyperactive Delirium S/S - answerRestlessness and agitation
Agnosia - answerthe failure to identify objects despite intact sensory functions.
Apraxia - answerinability to carry out purposeful, complex movements and use objects
properly in the absence of paralysis
