Test Bank - Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition

Test Bank - Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine,
7th Edition

,TEST BANK FOR
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Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 b-g




Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE b-g




1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.

ANS: b - g B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I b-g b-g




2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
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a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. b-g




ANS: b - g C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
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powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I b-g b-g




3. A specific function of the immune system is to
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a. recognize self from nonself. b-g b-g b-g




b. defend the body against nonself. b-g b-g b-g b-g




c. amplify specific functions. b-g b-g




d. Both A and B. b-g b-g b-g




ANS: b - g D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
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against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
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nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
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components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
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leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I b-g b-g




4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
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a. natural resistance. b-g




b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. b-g b-g b-g b-g

, c. an autoimmune disorder.
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d. recovery from infectious disease. b-g b-g b-g




ANS: b - g C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
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resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
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many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a
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transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I b-g b-g




5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
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a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. b-g b-g b-g




ANS: b - g D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements,
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with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and
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cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are
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characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune
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system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the
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immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and
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interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I b-g b-g




6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g




a. immediate hours after conception b-g b-g b-g




b. second month of gestation. b-g b-g b-g




c. second trimester of gestation. b-g b-g b-g




d. periods of severe anemia in children. b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g




ANS: b - g A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the
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embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II b-g b-g




7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
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a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
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b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
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c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. b-g b-g b-g b-g




d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
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ANS: b - g A

, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of
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the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the
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yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver
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becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their
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initial appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life.
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In the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth
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fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of
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hematopoiesis.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II b-g b-g




8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
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a. to reduce inflammation. b-g b-g




b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
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c. antigen recognition. b-g




d. phagocytosis.

ANS: b - g D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
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system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury
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and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to
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the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to
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deal with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues
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can be released in severe infections.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II b-g b-g




9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
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a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. b-g b-g b-g




ANS: b - g D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
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1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-




myeloperoxidase) g




2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g




3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g b-g




DIF: Cognitive Level: I b-g b-g




10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated
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with:
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a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba b-g




c. allergic reactions b-g




d. bacteria
ANS: b - g C