DVM 3140 - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

DVM 3140 - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Development project ownership - Answers Partner countries exercise leadership over their development policies and strategies and co-ordinate development actions Ownership and putting people at the center of aid and development effectiveness Why some reject the new conditions to loan - Answers The influence that donors have on economic policy reforms in developing countries The implications of ownership agenda International organizations other emans of influencing economic reforms in developing countries Conditionality policies of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)and the international dev association (IDA) as part of the World Bank Group - Answers IBRD lend money to middle income countries IDA offers grants or concessional loans to low + lower-middle income countries World Bank conditions for the borrower - Answers Maintaining an adequate macroeconomic framework Implementing overall program in satisfactory manner (In the bank's eyes) Compliance with the policy and institutional actions deemed critical for the expected results of the supported program execution of a systematic country diagnostics necessary Condition - Answers to be issued a program document Prior actions - Answers Bank's decision to support a country's reform programme and macroeconomic, social and structural policies, governance and its implementation capacity Considering the country's track record as an indicator of commitment Possibility of a conflict with country ownership is investigated Reconstruction of Liberia and World Bank interventions after the civil war - Answers IMF proposals = land grabbing and human rights abuse in the name of global economics The bank pressured liberian policy makers to incentivize FDI to replace public intervention in agriculture IMF's Conditionality - Answers Quantitative Performance Criteria as a condition Eg: indicative targets may be established to addition to QPCs No quantified structural benchmarks intended European Commission Budget Support - Answers Five challenges Promotion of human rights and emocratic values Beter financial management, macroeconomic stability, inclusive growth, and less corruption and fraud Sector reforms and sector service delivery State building in fragile states and specific challenges in small island development states and overseas countries and territories Better domestic resources mobilization and less aid dependency Four criteria to be eligible for Euro com budget support - Answers well defined national or sectorial development or reform policy and strategy A stable macroeconomic framework Good public financial management Transparency and oversight of the budget Luring loners into liberal economy - Answers Eg. EU budget support to Tunisia, Ghana, and Uganda recently The correlation between disbursements and economic and trade liberalization Impact on poor MFA - Answers the medium or long-term loans or grants and conditions European Macro-finacncial assistance to non-eu countries (MFA) - Answers The respect of human rights and the presence effective democratic mechanisms, including multi-party system and the rule of law The existence of a non-precautionary credit arrangement with the IMF The presence of a satisfactory track record of implementing IMF programmes reforms Tunisian example of 300 m loan conditions (2014) - Answers Reform of the tax system Reform of social safety Strengthening of the Tunisan central bank independence On trade, convert the existing system of industrial compulsory standards into a system aligned with that of the EU World bank's research - Answers World banks pool of researchers Total expenditure percentage of the 93 researchers and 30 support staff + why research matters Increase understanding of development policies Understand program with intellectual leadership Providing analytical services Enhancing the knowledge bank Dangers in so much research on dvming countries - Answers Power to decide what knowledg is and is worthy Technically flawed research Tech flaws as evidence of banks policy lines Researchers are under pressure from bank president Hiring of staff, promotion and dissonant discourse World Bank's one size fits all solutions IMF surveillance activities - Answers Funds advise and influence on policy-makers through multilateral surveillance and bilateral level surveillance IMF suverills and monitors implementation of policy Bilateral surveillance is stronger IMF technical assistance - Answers Monetary and financial policies Fiscal policies and management Macroeconomic statistical data compilation, management, dissemination and improvement Economic and financial legislation Technical assistance budget and the different forms - Answers Staff missions Trainings Seminars Workshops Online support IMF program and aid allocation - Answers Influences allocation of financing by other actors Impacts bilateral donors that have large voting shares in the IMF Biggest donors of ODA are influential members of the IMF Foreign direct investment - Answers (FDI) Dvming countries use overseas development assistance to leverage public/private investment projects - Answers Source of financing Job creating Spill over of technologies into poor countries Some negative impacts of FDIs in dvming countries Why few countries have been able to attract FDI - Answers Lower education and technological standard Weak financial intermediation Trade-related benefit for FDI - Answers Technology transfers Human capital enhancement Competition Enterprise development Technology transfers - Answers Competing or complementary companies in the same industry, migration of skilled labour, and the internationalization of R&D Technical assistance , training and other info to raise quality of the suppliers products Horizontal spillovers between enterprises operating in unrelated sectors Human capital enhancement - Answers FDIs have a stronger impact than domestic investment in tech transfer More human capital advancement training and skills Need for a minimum education Human capital levels and spillovers with tech transfers Competition - Answers MNE exert a strong competition overseas, leading to productivity Privatizations attract considerable FDI and enhance competiton Enterprise development FDIs enhance industrial dvm and efficiency gains due to overseas methods Promote economies of scale in large productions Advantages of FDI takeovers and the experience witt Foreign participation Advantages of tech that are transferred to dvming countries - Answers Moder Environmentally cleaner FDIs act as if - Answers they are a tool to alleviate poverty and improve social conditions Economic benefits of FDI - Answers Healthy enabling environment for business Incentives for innovation and improvements of skills Factors that hold back from full benefits - Answers Education and health Technological level of host-country enterprises Openness to trade Competition Regulatory frameworks Countries should generally not base their development - Answers strategises on the benefits of FDI bust as a supplement to local efforts Policies for repairing the full benefits of FDI - Answers Expected profitability of individual projects The ease with which subsidiaries operations Host countries enabling environment Challeges facing host country authorities - Answers Measures available to host-country authorities Improvements of the general macroeconomic and institutional frameworks Creation of a regulatory environment that is conducive to FDI Upgrading of infrastructure, tech and human competences Recommendations - Answers Pursue sound macroeconomic policies Promote medium-term fiscal discipline Strengthen domestic financial systems Consolidate the rule of law and good governance Work toward increased openness to foreign trade Enshrine the principle of non-discrimantion of Foreign enterprises and enhance competiton Raise the quality of relevant physical and tech infrastructure to attract FDIs Rais basic level of education of national workforces Challenges facing home-country authorities - Answers Enhance ability to attract foreing investment and eliminate barriers and subsidies Improving the synergies between FDI flows and ODA Carefully target development assistance in leveraging FDI flows and creating a virtuous circle of increasing savings and investment Need to assist developing countries to develop stronger competences Challenges of infrastructure funding in Africa - Answers Financial, tax, fiscal, legal, corporate management structures, specialist advisory services Decolonialization as the root cause of many of these issues Environmental and social problems often exacerbated by the following six activities: - Answers Mining Construction Industrial activities Over use of Pesticides Insecticides Inadequate Environmental management Inadequate Waste managemetn Health management practices Infrastructure development projects is embedded in - Answers Environmental and social standards Requirements of international development funding institutions Challenge is heightened by disparities between: - Answers International requirements Varied and complex social norms Priorities and practices in host communities Countries are not equipped - Answers to address ESG issues themselves Africans also face 7 other issues affecting infrastucture investments - Answers Social and health issues Widespread poverty War Rapid population growth insurgency Killing for money Kidnapping Exposure to diseases Inadequate sanitation Bad Sewage system African governances issues - Answers Entrenched leadership Government and corporate corruption Restrictive government policies Human rights mechanisms 2015 African Heads of State - Answers Fraud Electoral malpractices Electoral allegations Four common bribes - Answers Police Office workers