NSG 5240 Advanced Pharmacology
Midterm Practice Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2025|2026 Q&A
1. which receptor type is primarily targeted by beta-blockers?
A. alpha-1
B. beta-1 and beta-2
C. muscarinic
D. dopaminergic
beta-blockers block beta-1 receptors in the heart to decrease heart
rate and contractility, and beta-2 receptors in the lungs may be
affected, leading to bronchoconstriction.
2. the therapeutic effect of loop diuretics is mainly due to inhibition of:
A. distal convoluted tubule sodium reabsorption
, B. thick ascending loop of henle sodium-potassium-chloride
cotransporter
C. proximal tubule sodium-glucose transporter
D. collecting duct aquaporins
loop diuretics inhibit the na+/k+/2cl- cotransporter in the thick
ascending loop of henle, leading to potent diuresis.
3. which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of ace
inhibitors?
A. beta-adrenergic blockade
B. calcium channel blockade
C. inhibition of conversion of angiotensin i to angiotensin ii
D. aldosterone receptor antagonism
ace inhibitors prevent angiotensin ii formation, reducing
vasoconstriction and aldosterone-mediated sodium retention.
4. a patient taking warfarin should avoid which of the following foods
due to its vitamin k content?
A. bananas
B. apples
C. spinach
D. rice
vitamin k can antagonize warfarin’s anticoagulant effect, and foods
like spinach are high in vitamin k.
,5. which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A. aminoglycosides
B. macrolides
C. beta-lactams
D. fluoroquinolones
beta-lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins) inhibit transpeptidase,
disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
6. which statement about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris)
is correct?
A. they primarily block dopamine reuptake
B. they increase serotonin availability at synaptic clefts
C. they inhibit monoamine oxidase
D. they block norepinephrine receptors
ssris block the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its levels in the
synaptic cleft.
7. which adverse effect is most associated with aminoglycoside
antibiotics?
A. hepatotoxicity
B. nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
C. myopathy
D. hypoglycemia
aminoglycosides can damage renal tubules and the inner ear,
leading to nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
, 8. which class of drugs is first-line for type 2 diabetes management?
A. sulfonylureas
B. dpp-4 inhibitors
C. metformin
D. glp-1 receptor agonists
metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and improves
insulin sensitivity, making it first-line therapy.
9. which drug is used as an antidote for opioid overdose?
A. naloxone
B. naltrexone
C. methadone
D. naloxone
naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses opioid-
induced respiratory depression.
10. which antihypertensive is contraindicated in pregnancy?
A. methyldopa
B. labetalol
C. ace inhibitors
D. nifedipine
ace inhibitors can cause fetal renal malformations and should be
avoided during pregnancy.
11. the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (ppis)
involves:
Midterm Practice Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2025|2026 Q&A
1. which receptor type is primarily targeted by beta-blockers?
A. alpha-1
B. beta-1 and beta-2
C. muscarinic
D. dopaminergic
beta-blockers block beta-1 receptors in the heart to decrease heart
rate and contractility, and beta-2 receptors in the lungs may be
affected, leading to bronchoconstriction.
2. the therapeutic effect of loop diuretics is mainly due to inhibition of:
A. distal convoluted tubule sodium reabsorption
, B. thick ascending loop of henle sodium-potassium-chloride
cotransporter
C. proximal tubule sodium-glucose transporter
D. collecting duct aquaporins
loop diuretics inhibit the na+/k+/2cl- cotransporter in the thick
ascending loop of henle, leading to potent diuresis.
3. which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of ace
inhibitors?
A. beta-adrenergic blockade
B. calcium channel blockade
C. inhibition of conversion of angiotensin i to angiotensin ii
D. aldosterone receptor antagonism
ace inhibitors prevent angiotensin ii formation, reducing
vasoconstriction and aldosterone-mediated sodium retention.
4. a patient taking warfarin should avoid which of the following foods
due to its vitamin k content?
A. bananas
B. apples
C. spinach
D. rice
vitamin k can antagonize warfarin’s anticoagulant effect, and foods
like spinach are high in vitamin k.
,5. which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A. aminoglycosides
B. macrolides
C. beta-lactams
D. fluoroquinolones
beta-lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins) inhibit transpeptidase,
disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
6. which statement about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris)
is correct?
A. they primarily block dopamine reuptake
B. they increase serotonin availability at synaptic clefts
C. they inhibit monoamine oxidase
D. they block norepinephrine receptors
ssris block the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its levels in the
synaptic cleft.
7. which adverse effect is most associated with aminoglycoside
antibiotics?
A. hepatotoxicity
B. nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
C. myopathy
D. hypoglycemia
aminoglycosides can damage renal tubules and the inner ear,
leading to nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
, 8. which class of drugs is first-line for type 2 diabetes management?
A. sulfonylureas
B. dpp-4 inhibitors
C. metformin
D. glp-1 receptor agonists
metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and improves
insulin sensitivity, making it first-line therapy.
9. which drug is used as an antidote for opioid overdose?
A. naloxone
B. naltrexone
C. methadone
D. naloxone
naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses opioid-
induced respiratory depression.
10. which antihypertensive is contraindicated in pregnancy?
A. methyldopa
B. labetalol
C. ace inhibitors
D. nifedipine
ace inhibitors can cause fetal renal malformations and should be
avoided during pregnancy.
11. the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (ppis)
involves:
