WGU BIOCHEMISTRY C785 - MODULE 1
Central dogma of molecular biology - Correct Answers -DNA -> RNA -> Protein
a portion of the DNA, a gene, is transcribed to produce a complementary strand of RNA;
then the RNA is translated into protein .
-The understanding that DNA is used to make RNA and RNA is used to make protein
Polymer - Correct Answers -A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers linked together.
ex nucleic acids (dna rna)
Nucleotides
KEY CONCEPTS - Correct Answers --Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more
phosphate groups.
-DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, whereas
RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil ribonucleotides.
-DNA is double-stranded and forms a double helix structure that allows for information
storage.
Prior to dividing , a cell copies all of its DNA using -DNA replication to ensure all new
cells have the DNA they need.
-DNA Replication involves the formation of a replication fork, addition of RNA primers to
create a "handle" for DNA polymerase, synthesis of the new DNA strand by DNA
polymerase, and sealing the DNA backbone by DNA ligase.
-RNA is single-stranded and is grouped into three types of RNA: messenger RNA
(mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). All three types of RNA play
an important role in the central dogma.
two types of nucleic acids - Correct Answers -deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA and RNA are - Correct Answers -nucleic acids and polymers, which means they
are made up of many smaller units (monomers) connected together, much like a string
of pearls.
The monomers of nucleic acids are known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide includes a
nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar or pentose (pente means "five" in Greek),
and one or more phosphates.
The monomers of nucleic acids(DNA and RNA) are known as - Correct Answers -
nucleotides =
, cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine (DNA)
(RNA)
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil
DNA - Correct Answers --nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of DNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA - Correct Answers --nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, ribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of RNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, uracil
single stranded
The DNA the double helix is made up of - Correct Answers -a two strand which
isantiparallel, which means they have opposite 5' and 3' orientations, similar to a two-
way street in which traffic is oriented in opposite directions.
DNA replication - Correct Answers -is semi conservated
DNA replication steps - Correct Answers --First, the DNA must be separated. This
creates a replication "fork" where the two original strands separate.
-Next, the new DNA is synthesized by a protein known as DNA polymerase (its name
comes from its function - it makes a polymer of DNA nucleotides).
-DNA polymerase takes individual nucleotides and matches them up to the parental
sequence to ensure they are a correct pair. If the pairing is correct, DNA polymerase
bonds the nucleotide to the growing strand of DNA.
-uses RNA primers. The addition of a primer to the single-stranded DNA creates a
double-stranded nucleic acid "handle" to which DNA polymerase can attach and start
making DNA
-RNA primers (to allow DNA polymerase to bind), new strand synthesis by DNA
polymerase, RNA primer removal by RNAase H, and sealing of the backbone "nicks" by
DNA ligase.
DNA polymerase has one problem - it can't start a new DNA strand because it only
binds to double-stranded nucleic acids. How does the cell get around this? - Correct
Answers -uses RNA primers. The addition of a primer to the single-stranded DNA
creates a double-stranded nucleic acid "handle" to which DNA polymerase can attach
and start making DNA
Central dogma of molecular biology - Correct Answers -DNA -> RNA -> Protein
a portion of the DNA, a gene, is transcribed to produce a complementary strand of RNA;
then the RNA is translated into protein .
-The understanding that DNA is used to make RNA and RNA is used to make protein
Polymer - Correct Answers -A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers linked together.
ex nucleic acids (dna rna)
Nucleotides
KEY CONCEPTS - Correct Answers --Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more
phosphate groups.
-DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, whereas
RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil ribonucleotides.
-DNA is double-stranded and forms a double helix structure that allows for information
storage.
Prior to dividing , a cell copies all of its DNA using -DNA replication to ensure all new
cells have the DNA they need.
-DNA Replication involves the formation of a replication fork, addition of RNA primers to
create a "handle" for DNA polymerase, synthesis of the new DNA strand by DNA
polymerase, and sealing the DNA backbone by DNA ligase.
-RNA is single-stranded and is grouped into three types of RNA: messenger RNA
(mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). All three types of RNA play
an important role in the central dogma.
two types of nucleic acids - Correct Answers -deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA and RNA are - Correct Answers -nucleic acids and polymers, which means they
are made up of many smaller units (monomers) connected together, much like a string
of pearls.
The monomers of nucleic acids are known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide includes a
nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar or pentose (pente means "five" in Greek),
and one or more phosphates.
The monomers of nucleic acids(DNA and RNA) are known as - Correct Answers -
nucleotides =
, cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine (DNA)
(RNA)
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil
DNA - Correct Answers --nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of DNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA - Correct Answers --nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, ribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of RNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, uracil
single stranded
The DNA the double helix is made up of - Correct Answers -a two strand which
isantiparallel, which means they have opposite 5' and 3' orientations, similar to a two-
way street in which traffic is oriented in opposite directions.
DNA replication - Correct Answers -is semi conservated
DNA replication steps - Correct Answers --First, the DNA must be separated. This
creates a replication "fork" where the two original strands separate.
-Next, the new DNA is synthesized by a protein known as DNA polymerase (its name
comes from its function - it makes a polymer of DNA nucleotides).
-DNA polymerase takes individual nucleotides and matches them up to the parental
sequence to ensure they are a correct pair. If the pairing is correct, DNA polymerase
bonds the nucleotide to the growing strand of DNA.
-uses RNA primers. The addition of a primer to the single-stranded DNA creates a
double-stranded nucleic acid "handle" to which DNA polymerase can attach and start
making DNA
-RNA primers (to allow DNA polymerase to bind), new strand synthesis by DNA
polymerase, RNA primer removal by RNAase H, and sealing of the backbone "nicks" by
DNA ligase.
DNA polymerase has one problem - it can't start a new DNA strand because it only
binds to double-stranded nucleic acids. How does the cell get around this? - Correct
Answers -uses RNA primers. The addition of a primer to the single-stranded DNA
creates a double-stranded nucleic acid "handle" to which DNA polymerase can attach
and start making DNA
